Transcript File - Ms. Xiques` Classroom

Opening- Nation Building
• Answer the following:
1. What was a key issue the new nations had to deal with in the
“nation building” period?
2. What types of governments were present in the Americas?
3. Why was the political situation in Latin America and the
Caribbean different than the US and Canada?
4. What was the difference between the Liberal and
Conservative factions of government in LA & Caribbean?
5. How did revolutions in the Americas impact the treatment of
slaves and natives?
6. THINKER: In one sentence, explain the main goal/objective
of unit 2.
Discussion
• How did the Revolutionary period impact trade
between countries in the Americas?
• Make a prediction  How will relations between
France, England and the US change postrevolution?
• When discussing war, historians often divide people
into two groups – Hawks and Doves. What is the
difference between the two?
The War of 1812
A war that neither side wanted,
but both seemed incapable of
stopping.
Foreign Relations post-Revolutionary Period
• In the early 1800’s
France and Britain
victimized the United
States.
• Navies of both countries
seized 1,500 American
merchant ships.
• By 1807, the British had
captured 10,000
American sailors. (Most
were forced to serve in
British military)
• Questions for notes!
• Questions for discussion!
The U.S.S.
Chesapeake
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Explain the Chesapeake Incident.
In 1806, Royal Navy deserters joined
the crew of the USS Chesapeake
British admiral issued orders that any
warship could search the
Chesapeake for deserters.
On June 22, 1807, the British ship,
Leopard, encountered it and
requested a search
Chesapeake captain, James Barron
refused to allow a search
The British fired, killing 3 Americans
and wounding 20.
The British arrested four men
How did President Jefferson respond
to the Chesapeake Incident?
He passed the Embargo Act!
Route of the
U.S.S.
Chesapeake
H.M.S. Shannon Leading Her Prize, the American
Frigate Chesapeake, into Halifax, Nova Scotia
Causes of the War of 1812
• Describe the causes of the War of
1812.
• British blockade of US ships stopped
flow of goods to Napoleonic Europe
• Search and seizure of neutral US
trade ships & cargo by France and
England
• Impressment of American sailors
into the British Royal Navy
• British support of Natives against
American expansion
• Possible American desire to annex
Canada
Discussion
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In your opinion, why did the British enforce
Impressment? Was there any way for the U.S. to stop
this?
In your opinion, which side do you support? Are you a
hawk? (The U.S. should declare war to protect
economic interests and territory) Or are you a dove?
(war is unnecessary, compromise is achievable)
Was there an alternative option to war?
Embargo Act
• Describe the purpose of the Embargo Act. Was it successful?
• President Jefferson signed the Embargo Act which stopped the
export of goods and forbade American ships from sailing for foreign
ports.
• Jefferson thought that by depriving European countries of American
products they would stop harassing the young nation………… he was
wrong.
• The Embargo Act had almost no effect on Britain and France.
Instead, recession and unemployment swept the United States.
• Jefferson left office in 1809 but not before he convinced Congress to
repeal the Embargo Act.
• It was now up to new president, James Madison, to solve foreign
issues.
Discussion
• In your opinion, do you think an embargo is an effective way to
punish or isolate a country?
• Are there any American embargoes in place today? Where?
• Mali - forced Juntas to give power back and re-install National
Constitution. (April 2012)
• China – by EU & US; arms embargo (1989)
• Iran – embargo to ban nuclear, missile and many military exports;
started in 1979, increased every year; height in 2010.
• North Korea – arms embargo (2006)
• Cuba – arms, consumer goods, money (1960)
• Japan – embargo of animal products due to radiation from 2011
earthquake
• Syria – EU and US ban on oil imports and arms (2012)
British aide to Native Americans
• In your opinion, why
would the British want to
aide Native Americans?
Do you think they had
an ulterior motive?
• During the process of
colonization, British
soldiers killed Natives,
so why would the
Natives side with them?
British Aide to Native• Americans
Who was Tecumseh?
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Leader of Shawnee
Formed a confederation of
other tribes and allied with
British & British Canadians
Goal was to establish an
American Indian nation under
British protection
Canadian Involvement
• How was Canada
involved in this
conflict?
Fighting the War of 1812
• Napoleon still
controlled parts of
Europe.
• During the first two
years, England
focused on
defeating Napoleon,
so they fought a
defensive battle in
the Americas.
• This will eventually
change in 1814,
when Napoleon is
defeated
Fighting the War of 1812
• What was the Battle of
Trafalgar? How did this
effect the War of 1812?
• What fighting strategies
were used by both sides in
the War of 1812?
• Throughout the conflict,
US proclaimed their
“neutrality.” To what extent
were they actually neutral?
Divisions within the U.S.
Explain the difference in United States’ opinions regarding the War of 1812.
• Southern “War Hawks” • New England “War Doves”
– free trade
– Annexation of OhioWabash country
– Blamed the British for
providing Natives with
weapons
– Some argue their real
support was to gain
valuable land in Canada
– Impressment was
exaggerated
– merchants were still making
money from British trade
– Sympathy with British against
Napoleon
– Federalists opposed
acquisition of Canada (afraid
it would strengthen
Republican party)
Politics within• the
War
of
1812
In your opinion, why did the U.S. focus their
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fighting on England, when France was also
attacking American ships?
How did the war change when President
Madison was elected in 1810?
Would begin trade with either country if
they respected U.S. neutrality.
If either accepted, the U.S. would forbid
trade with the other.
France ended blockade
England refused until Lord Liverpool
became Prime Minister.
Liverpool did not support war and ended
search and seizure orders.
If England agreed to end the war, why did
President Madison still declare war?
It took three weeks for the message to get
to the U.S. On June 18, 1812 – Madison
declared war.
Fighting the War of 1812
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Explain America’s “three-pronged invasion.” Was it successful?
General Hull would attack at Detroit and head east
Second invasion would cross Niagara
The third would secure Montreal (here, they would stop British forces fighting in Upper Canada)
Operation was a failure; Hull surrendered
Fighting the War of 1812
• Describe the efforts of the American
navy in the War of 1812.
• Early defeats signified U.S. naval
superiority, but they were still no match
for the British battleships.
• Royal Navy blockaded U.S. coast and
ports
• US Navy defeated England in their
defense of the Great Lakes.
• How does England’s military strategy
change after the defeat of Napoleon?
• The British launched a three-pronged
invasion against the U.S. (burned the
White House)
Painting of combat between U.S.S. Constitution &
H.M.S. Guerriere
by: Michael Corne
The Battle of Thames: Battle between the Americans and
American Indians in Ontario, Canada. Tecumseh is killed in battle
which marked the end of any threat from the Native Americans
Damage to the Capitol
(Washington D.C.)
End of the War of 1812
• What did the Treaty of Ghent
declare?
• Signed on Christmas Eve, 1814
• Ended the war (acted more as
an armistice than a treaty)
• Both sides agreed to return to
pre-1812 borders
• War ended in a stalemate
• Why do you think the Treaty did
not include anything about
Native territory or impressment?
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Battle
of
New
Orleans
Explain the causes/effects of the
Battle of Orleans.
British attempted to capture New
Orleans and seize control of
Mississippi River.
Americans under command of
General Andrew Jackson
Greatest U.S. victory of the war
(U.S. only suffered 100 casualties,
compared to England’s 2,000)
Important because it ended British
operations in the U.S., and
marked the start of Jackson’s
march to presidency.
• Before he became the
7th president of the
U.S., Jackson was a
successful military
general.
• He led forces that
stopped Native
American uprisings in
the South in 1814
• He also led the Battle
of Orleans
• Became President 14
years later…….
Effects of the War of 1812
• List three effects of the War of
1812.
• British kept Canada
• Britain realized they needed to
improve relations with the U.S.
• Rush-Bagot Treaty reduced
naval forces on the Great
Lakes
• Britain fortified border (the U.S.
never invaded)
Effects of the War of 1812
• Why did this conflict, even though it
was considered a stalemate, improve
relations between the U.S. and
England?
• How do you think the Native
Americans were affected by the War
of 1812?
Questions
1. Explain the Chesapeake Incident
2. How did President Jefferson respond to the Chesapeake Incident?
3. Describe the purpose of the Embargo Act. Was it successful?
4. Describe the causes of the War of 1812.
5. Who was Tecumseh?
6. How was Canada involved in this conflict?
7. What was the Battle of Trafalgar? How did this effect the War of 1812?
8. What fighting strategies were used by both sides in the War of 1812?
9. Explain the difference in United States’ opinions regarding the War of 1812.
10. How did the war change when President Madison was elected in 1810?
11. Explain America’s “three-pronged invasion.” Was it successful?
12. Describe the efforts of the American navy in the War of 1812
13. How does England’s military strategy change after the defeat of Napoleon?
14. What did the Treaty of Ghent declare?
15. Explain the causes/effects of the Battle of Orleans.
16. List three effects of the War of 1812.
DISCUSSION
1. One cause of the War of 1812 France & England's
search/seizure of American merchant ships. Why did the
countries do this? (Especially France - who was formerly our
ally!)
2. What is Impressment? Why did the British use this?
3. Make a prediction  how will Native Americans become
involved in this conflict?
4. What was the Embargo Act? Was it successful?
5. THINKER: In your opinion, was there an alternative option to
war? Could the U.S. remain neutral?