Transcript Unit 6 Notes-Cold War 11-17-14

Unit 6: Cold War
Chapter 18
Essential Question:
Explain how the Soviet Union
and the US differing political
ideologies led to numerous
power struggles and proxy
wars.
1
Origins of the Cold War
Cold War(1945-1991)
– The US and the United Soviet
Socialist
Republic (U.S.S.R ) emerge
from WWII as two
“Superpowers” with vastly
different political and economic
systems
– Neither nation directly confronts
the other in war
Origins of the Cold War
Containment Policy
– Truman created measures to
prevent the spread of communist
rule to other countries
Truman Doctrine
– A U.S. policy created by Truman
that provided economic and
military aid to free nations (noncommunist) threatened by
internal or external opponents
Marshall Plan
– a US plan created by Secretary
of State George Marshall that
provided aid to all European
nations that needed it and to
stop the Communist party from
growing in Europe
Origins of the Cold War
The (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization) NATO
Alliance
– Fear of the Soviets leads to
NATO
– Western European
nations join with the US
and Canada to form a
defensive military
alliance to stop Soviet
aggression
The Cold War Heats Up
Korean War
• In 1950 North Korea
invades South Korea and
begins the Korean War
• South Korea asks UN to stop
the invasion
– Settling for Stalemate
• In 1953 a armistice
(peace agreement) is
signed between North
and South Korea
• The Korea Peninsula is
divided along the 38th
parallel line which
established a
demilitarized zone
The Cold War at Home
Joseph McCarthy
Joseph McCarthy was a
Republican senator, who was an
anti-communist activist and
believed communist were taking
over the government
McCarthyism
A practice by McCarthy that
created unfair tactic of accusing
people of disloyalty or being
communist without providing
evidence
McCarthy’s Downfall
In 1954, McCarthy wrongly
accuses several members of the
US Army of being communist on
TV. He finally loses public
support and the senate condemns
him for improper conduct
Eisenhower and the Cold War
Eisenhower becomes the 34th
president (1953-1961)
– Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower
was a five-star general in the
United States Army during WWII
– He was the last to be born in the
19th century
Eisenhower Doctrine
₋ A doctrine created by Eisenhower
that stated the U.S. would defend
the Middle East against an attack
by any communist country
Warsaw Pact
₋ A military alliance formed in 1955
by the Soviet Union and its
Eastern European satellites;
formed because West Germany
was allowed to rearm and join
NATO
Unit 6: Cold War
Chapter 20
Essential Question:
Explain how the Soviet Union
and the US differing political
ideologies led to conflict in
Cuba.
8
Kennedy and the Cold War
Kennedy becomes the 35th
president (1961 –1963)
– John F. Kennedy defeated Richard
Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential
election
– He was the first President to have
been born in the 20th century, and the
youngest elected to the office, at the
age of 43. He was also the youngest
to die
– Kennedy was assassinated on
November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas.
Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with
the crime but was shot and killed two
days later by Jack Ruby before any
trial.
– Kennedy is the only Catholic, and the
first Irish American, president
Kennedy and the Cold War
Foreign Policy in Latin
America
• During the Cold War the US
intervened in Latin American
affairs when the US self-interest
were involved
• The US tried to stop the spread of
communism in Latin America
countries
Origins of the Cold War
Bay of Pigs
– Revolutionary leader Fidel
Castro overthrows the Cuban
government and declares
Cuba a communist country
– Cuban exiles and the Central
Intelligence Agency (CIA)
plan to invade Cuba to
overthrow Castro’s regime
– Plans go wrong and the
Cuban exiles are captured or
killed
– The result was a huge
propaganda victory for
Castro and a severe
embarrassment for the
administration of U.S.
president John F. Kennedy
Origins of the Cold War
Cuban Missile Crisis
– In 1962 there was a major
confrontation between the U.S.
and the Soviet Union over the
presence of Soviet nuclear
missiles in Cuba
– Pres. John F. Kennedy placed a
naval blockade around the
island, and for 13 days the U.S.
and the Soviet Union hovered on
the brink of war
– Soviet premier Nikita
Khrushchev finally agreed to
remove the missiles in return for
the U.S. to withdraw its own
missiles from Turkey and to
never invade Cuba
– The incident increased tensions
during the Cold War and fueled
the nuclear arms race between
the two countries
Unit 6: Cold War
Chapter 22
Essential Question:
What were the origins and
consequences of the Vietnam
war?
13
Vietnam War
Johnson becomes the 36th
president (1963 –1968)
Lyndon B. Johnson
succeeded to the presidency
following the assassination
of John F. Kennedy,
completed Kennedy's term
and was elected President in
the 1964 Presidential
election
– Johnson was greatly
supported by the Democratic
Party and, as President, was
responsible for designing the
"Great Society" legislation that
included:
• laws that upheld civil rights,
Public Broadcasting,
Medicare, Medicaid,
environmental protection, aid
to education, and his "War on
Poverty."
Vietnam War
Vietnam War(1954-1975)
• The Vietnam War was the
longest war in which the
United States took part
• Communist-ruled North
Vietnam wanted to end
U.S. support of the noncommunist South Vietnam
and to unite the north and
south into a single nation
• The United States and the
South Vietnamese army tried
to stop them
Vietnam War
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• A resolution adopted by
congress in 1964, giving the
president broad powers to
wage war in Vietnam
• American troops began to be
increased to Vietnam
Vietnam War
War Divides the
Nation
•
Hawks favored sending
greater forces to win the war
•
Doves strongly opposed the
war and believed the US
should withdraw from Vietnam
Vietnam War
African-American in the
Vietnam War
• Many AAs leaders opposed the
Vietnam War because a
disproportionate of AAs served in
ground combat
• 20% of American soldiers killed are
African-Americans
• African-Americans only made up
10% of US population
• Defense Department corrects this
problem by instituting the Draft
Lottery in 1969
• Racial tensions are high in many
platoons and add to low troop morale
Vietnam War
1968
• Johnson announces he will not
run for reelection due to
opposition of the war
• On April 4, 1968 Martin Luther
King Jr. is killed outside a motel
in Memphis, Tennessee
• Robert Kennedy began a
campaign for the presidency and
was a front-running candidate of
the Democratic Party, but on
June 6, 1968 he was fatally shot
• 10,000 protestors go to Chicago
to protest the war in Vietnam;
police beat them and a riot
ensues
• Richard Nixon wins the
presidency
Vietnam War
End of Vietnam War
• On January 15, 1973,
President Nixon announced
the end of offensive operations
against North Vietnam
• January 27, 1973, he
withdrawals the remaining
American troops
• On April 30, 1975, North
Vietnam captures Saigon, the
capital of South Vietnam
• Vietnam becomes a
communist country
Vietnam War
Outcomes of the
Vietnam War
• Over 58,000 Americans die in
the war
• Returning veterans face
indifference and hostility in US
• US Government abolishes the
military draft
• Americans are more cautious
about foreign affairs and they
don’t trust the government
• US learns that superior military
technology does not guarantee
victory