Transcript Splendid Little War

A FORCE IN THE WORLD
1880-1910
The “Splendid Little War”
The “Splendid Little War”
• War Fever rises
• Alleged abuses of Cubans
by Spain
The “Splendid Little War”
• Newspapers jumped on
story
The “Splendid Little War”
• William Randolph Hearst
The “Splendid Little War”
• Joseph Pulitzer
The “Splendid Little War”
• Printed stories of abuse
• Greatly exaggerated or lied
about severity of abuse
• Became known as Yellow
Journalism
The “Splendid Little War”
• DeLome Letter
• Spanish Minister to the
United States
The “Splendid Little War”
• Wrote McKinley was a
weak bidder for the
admiration of the crowd
• Meaning that he would bow
to pressure
The “Splendid Little War”
The “Splendid Little War”
• Despite the Spanish
apology and the resignation
of the minister
• U.S. was still outraged
demanded more action
The “Splendid Little War”
• February 15, 1898
• Battleship Maine exploded
in the Havana Harbor
The “Splendid Little War”
• 260 sailors were killed
• Spain was blamed
• Actually the explosion was
probably an accident
The “Splendid Little War”
• “Remember the Maine to
hell with Spain”
• Became the slogan for a
response from America
The “Splendid Little War”
• Spain offered peace
• Too late
• America demanded
War!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The “Splendid Little War”
• April 11,1898 McKinley
asked for a declaration of
War
The “Splendid Little War”
• Congress approved and
passed the
• Teller Amendment
• Stated after war was over the
United States would give
control of Cuba to the Cubans
The “Splendid Little War”
• Battle of Manila Bay
The “Splendid Little War”
• Philippines
• Admiral Dewey defeated the
Spanish Navy without losing
a single sailor
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• Seized the Philippines
Cuban Campaign
American Army was ill
prepared and ill equipped
The “Splendid Little War”
• Issued wool uniforms to
troops in a tropical country
The “Splendid Little War”
• Rough Riders lead by
Theodore Roosevelt
• Charge up San Juan hill
• Santiago Roosevelt became
a national hero
The “Splendid Little War”
• Truth be told
th
• 10 Negro Cavalry led by
John J Pershing did the
fighting
The “Splendid Little War”
• Spanish fleet tried to leave
Cuba
• Destroyed by American
gunboats
The “Splendid Little War”
• Next Puerto Rico was
invaded
• Little or no resistance
• Took over island
The “Splendid Little War”
• War was perceived as a
great success
• 400 American battle
casualties
The “Splendid Little War”
• 5,000 died from disease
• Treaty of Paris ended war
• Terms of treaty
• 1. Cuba gained
Independence from Spain
The “Splendid Little War”
2.Guam (a small island in the
Pacific)
3. United States received
Puerto Rico
4.Spain sold Philippines to
U.S. for 20 million dollars
The Debate over Imperialism
The Debate over Imperialism
• Arguments for Imperialism
1. New Markets
2. Places for investments
3. New sites for naval bases
4. Civilize the natives
The Debate over Imperialism
• Arguments against
Imperialism
1. Too much money spent to
defend
2. Other races and countries
were entitled to life liberty and
pursuit of happiness
The Debate over Imperialism
• Filipino Uprising
• Upset over trading Spanish
rule for American rule
• Emilio Aguinaldo led
rebellion
The Debate over Imperialism
• He helped U.S. drive Spain
out of the Philippine Islands
• Now he is leading the
uprising against the U. S.
The Debate over Imperialism
• U.S. fought a guerilla war
• Took 3 years and 7,000
American casualties
• 20,000 Filipinos died in the
fighting
The Debate over Imperialism
• Along with 200,000 Filipino
citizens
• Agreement in 1934
Philippines would become
independent in 1944
The Debate over Imperialism
• Why did this not happen?
• World War II
The Debate over Imperialism
• On July 4, 1946 Republic of
the Philippines was born
The Debate over Imperialism
• Puerto Rico and Cuba
The Debate over Imperialism
• Cuba had problems
1. no strong government
2. starvation of their people
3. Disease
4. crime
The Debate over Imperialism
• 1902 Platt Amendment
–Stated United States had the
right to intervene in Cuba’s
affairs if necessary for the
–Protection of life liberty and
individual liberty
The Debate over Imperialism
• Leased naval base around
Guantanamo bay
Big Stick America and the
World 1901-1917
Roosevelt Corollary and Big
Stick Diplomacy
• “speak softly and carry a big
stick”
• Based on Monroe Doctrine
• Monroe Doctrine
• Europe to stay out of Latin
America
• United States will stay out of
European wars and
business
• Annual message to
Congress
• Reinforced Monroe
Document and added that if
Latin American countires
default United States will
intervene
• Military action would be last
resort
Dollar Diplomacy
Utilizing of financial strength and
clout rather than military force
Taft did not like war
Nicaragua
Concern of a rival canal being
built by an European power
United States assisted (private
sources not government)
Overthrew government
Taft’s administration pushed for
a loan to Nicaragua to pay for
debt to Britain
Also American was appointed
collector of customs to insure
payment of debt to United
States
In 1912 to calm situation United
States sent 2,500 Marines to
protect United States interest in
Nicaragua thus calming the
situation
Canada
Taft proposed a reciprocal
agreement on trade with
Canada
Some thought this was as
disguised as the beginnings of
annexing Canada
This led to a new government in
Canada and the treaty was
rejected
Mexico and Latin
America
•Intervention in Mexico
•Revolution in Mexico
•Victoriano Huerta
•Wilson refused to
recognize
•Vera Cruz operation
•Sailors arrested
•Wilson sent Marines
•United the entire
Mexican Population
behind Huerta
•19 Americans were
killed and Wilson was
in an no win situation
•A Negotiated
settlement was
arranged
•Mexico would still be a
thorn in Wilson’s side
•United States
recognized new
government after
Huerta was forced out
•Pancho Villa
•Rebel against new
government and was
originally a U. S.
supporter
•Any Similarities ?
–Villa attacked border
town
–Columbus New Mexico
–18 Americans were
killed
•U. S. forces drove off
attack
•General John J. “Black
Jack” Pershing
•Sent to hunt Villa down
in Mexico