Transcript The United States looks Overseas

The United States looks
Overseas
Chapter 20
Eyes on the Pacific





For 250 years, Japan was
closed to outside trade
In 1853, Commodore
Matthew C. Perry, sailed
into Tokyo Bay and
presented the Japanese
with a letter from the
President for trading
rights.
This treaty was approved
The Japanese were in awe
of the powerful ships and
guns.
This caused Japan to
change from a feudal
society to an industrial
nation.
Eyes on the Pacific

In 1867, Russia
sold Alaska to the
United States.
•
•
•
Twice the size of
Texas
Purchased for
$7.2 million, 2
cents an acre
Gold was found in
later years
Eyes
on
the
Pacific
The Expansionist Mood
•




The United States was
generally Isolationist.
Many European
countries had become
imperialists.
Americans debated over
manifest destiny that
expanded overseas
The Turner ThesisFrederick Jackson Turner
claimed that the western
frontier had defined
American history
•
Overseas expansion
was the new frontier
Eyes on the Pacific

The US had a
strong industrial
economy.
•

It was argued
that for strong
trade, they would
need a strong
navy
Spreading AngloSaxon race.
Thought that they
were superior to
other nations
Eyes on the Pacific
•
Gaining footholds in
the Pacific



US were interested in
Samoa in the South
Pacific.
They wanted to set up
Coaling stations
Britain and Germany
were also interested.
•

.
Eventually the US
and Germany divided
the islands
Eyes on the Pacific

Hawaii could serve
as a ‘military and
commercial outpost
in the Pacific”
• Queen Liliuokalani
did not want
foreign influence in
Hawaii

In 1898, William
McKinley decided to
annex Hawaii.
• He supported a
treaty
Eyes on the Pacific
•
Carving up China



In the Late 1800’s
china just finished
an unsuccessful war.
Europe and Japan
split China into
Spheres of Influence
Open Door PolicyWanted other
countries to
guarantee the rights
of all nations to
trade with china on
an Equal basis.
•
Claimed this to be a
success
Eyes on the Pacific

Boxer Rebellion
•
•
•
•
•

Secret societyRighteous and
Harmonious Fists.
Began a rebellion to
expel the foreigners.
Backed by the Chinese
Gov’t.
Attacked and killed
westerners and Chinese
Christians
Outside powers sent
troops with modern
weapons, freed the
trapped foreigners,
crushed the rebellion,
looted the capital and
killed thousands of
Chinese.
A second Open Door
policy was issued.
Repeated open trade
The Spanish American War
•
War Clouds Loom




Cuba had been
under Spanish rule
since 1492.
They were becoming
more discontent with
Spain’s harsh rule.
In 1868, the Cubans
began an uprising.
When the Cubans
rose up, the Spanish
had begun
reconcentration.
•
Jose Marti urged
the US to help the
rebels.
The Spanish American War



Americans were
sympathetic to the
Cuban Rebels
• Many wanted the US
government to
intervene to oust the
Spanish
• Many wanted to
intervene for
economic reasons
President William
McKinley tried to
maintain neutrality.
New York World & New
York Journal used yellow
journalism for stories
and headlines.
The Spanish American War

“Remember the
Maine”
•
•
•
When fighting
broke out in
Havana, Cuba,
President
McKinley ordered
the Battleship
Maine to protect
American lives
and property.
On February 15,
1898 a great
explosion sank
this ship and
killed 260 men.
The press and
public blamed the
Spanish
The Spanish American War
•
The United States Goes to
War

President McKinley gave
into public pressure and
asked Congress to declare
war on Spain, they
approved

The first battle was fought
in Manila Bay in the
Philippines.
• Theodore Roosevelt,
Secretary of the Navy,
wanted to expand the
US Navy.
• Ordered Commodore
George Dewey moved
his ships and sank the
entire Spanish
squadron
The Spanish American War

Dewey enlisted Emilio
Aguinaldo to help him
seize Manila from the
Spanish.
•

The fighting in Cuba
took place around
Santiago and at sea.
•

The United States had
gained control of the
Philippine Islands
The Rough Riders, led
by Theodore
Roosevelt, helped to
lead his men to
success
The Spanish
surrendered Cuba,
and then the US
invaded Puerto Rico,
another Spanish
possession and took
control
The Spanish American War
•
An American Empire

Dec of 1898, Spain
and US signed a peace
treaty.
•
•
•
Gave the US Puerto
Rico, the Philippines,
Guam and Wake, US
paid $20 million to
Spain
Many people
disagreed with the
colonies
Expansionists
welcomed the treaty.

The Senate
ratified the treaty
in 1899.
The Spanish American
War
The US forced Cuba to

limit their power to make
treaties or borrow money,
US could intervene in
Cuban affairs, allow the
US to keep a naval base
•
•

The Foraker Act set up
government in Puerto
Rico.
•

Not truly free.
Cuba was a protectorate
Gave them LIMITED self
rule
The Philippines wanted to
become independent from
the US.
•
They fought a 3 year war.
When Aguinaldo was
captured, fighting ended

Would not get
independence until
1946.
The United States and Latin
America
•
Linking the Oceans



The trip around the
tip of South America
took more then 2
months
A shorter route to
link the Atlantic and
Pacific oceans was
needed
The Isthmus of
Panama is 50 miles
wide.
•
President Theodore
Roosevelt offered
Colombia $10
million in cash and
$250,000 yearly
rent to build a canal
through Panama
The United States and Latin
America

Columbians
thought they
deserved more
money, they held
out for more
money
•
•
•
The Panamanians
charged a revolt
against the
Colombians
Gunboat
Diplomacy
US signed a
treaty with the
independent
Republic of
Panama for the
permanent use
the canal.
The United States and Latin
America
•
The Panama Canal

The greatest obstacle
of building the canal
was Malaria and Yellow
Fever
•
•
People thought that
these diseases came
from damp night air
Two doctors
discovered that Yellow
Fever and Malaria
were transmitted
from certain kinds of
mosquitoes.

The solution was
to clear the brush
and drain the
swamps, nearly
wiped out the
diseases.
The United States and Latin
America

There were 3 tasks
to build the dam
•
•
•

Cut through a
mountain
Dam a river
Install the canal’s
giant locks
The hardest part
was digging the
Gaillard Cut, a 9
mile ditch through
the mountains.
•
•
They worked
trough the tropical
sun and heat or in
drenching
rainstorms
There were
mudslides
The United States and Latin
America
•
Wielding a “Big Stick”
in Latin America



“Speak softly and
carry a big stick, you
will go far.”
The United States
wanted to be the
leader of the
Western Hemisphere
Theodore Roosevelt
wrote the Roosevelt
Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine.
•
The right to use
force to prevent
intervention in Latin
America
The United States and Latin
America

William Howard Taft
favored “Dollar
Diplomacy”
•
•
Led to as many
military
interventions as
“Big Stick”
U.S. sent Marines
into countries to
protect investments

Latin American
countries
resented the
interference
The United States and Latin
America
•
Relations with Mexico


Woodrow Wilson
believed foreign
policy should aim to
support and nurture
democracy
throughout the
world.
Used “Watchful
Waiting”
•
•
•
U.S. soldiers were
arrested, set free
and apologized to.
U.S. sent the Navy
to the port
100+ Mexicans
died, U.S. and
Mexico were close
to war
The United States and Latin
America

Pancho Villa and
his rebels crossed
into New Mexico
and killed 18
Americans
•
•
Mexico
reluctantly
worked with the
U.S. to pursue
Pancho Villa
The U.S.
withdrew without
Villa after 11
months