Transcript Chapter 18 Becoming a World Power

Chapter 18
Becoming a World
Power
Topics discussed- the Imperialism Movement of
the late 1800’s, Territories gained, and the
Spanish American War
Objective: Through viewing video clips, discussion,
and completing a worksheet on the introduction to
Imperialism, Students will be able to identify the
causes of the imperialism movement within the
United States in the late 1800’s.
Questions to answer before we
even begin…
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In American history to this point, where had we
seen ethnocentrism?
In the late 1800’s, where does the United
States extend to?
Based off of our known territory and borders
today, what areas did we have left to conquer?
Why might the U.S. people feel that we needed
to extend our country?
Introductory Video to Imperialism
Imperialism- base definition
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The late 1800’s brought a time
where larger countries wanted to
extend their influence and spread
their ideas, culture, and economic
bases into small countries
throughout the world. This concept
is called imperialism, as these
nations wanted to create larger
empires and control larger amounts
of territory.
Foreign
Race for
Africa,
early
1900’s
British Imperialism, 1900
World Imperialism, 1900
Chinese Spheres of Influence
Factors that caused Imperialism
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1. Economic Factors
• The growth of industry in Europe and in the U.S.
created a need for larger amounts of natural
resources. Businesses needed these resources to
increase their production.
• Also, manufacturing companies in the U.S. and
Europe needed new markets in which they could sell
their goods and increase the national economy.
Factors that caused Imperialism
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2. Nationalist Factors
• People of the countries of Europe and the
U.S. pushed for their nation to create larger
empires simply due to their pride for their
country. The people of these countries took
it as a competition between the advanced
nations of the world.
Factors that caused Imperialism
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3. Military Factors
• Advances in Western
military technology, such
as the expanded use of
ironclads and automatic
weaponry were extremely
superior to the weaponry
and navies of the second
class nations of the
world, such as India,
Japan, Korea, Egypt,
South Africa, the Ivory
Coast, Sierra Leone,
Liberia, and many others.
Factors that caused Imperialism
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4. Humanitarian Factors
• Doctors wanted to be able to spread Western
Medicine to these inferior Countries and
Missionaries went to different parts of the
world, especially into Africa, attempting to
spread Western religious ideas to these
“uncivilized” people.
• The British Empire has been especially
criticized for sending in missionaries to
African countries, spreading Christianity to
the people, corrupting their previous beliefs,
and then spreading Western law and sending
in their armies to take over the land.
Early Leaders of Imperialism- Britain
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Great Britain took over Egypt, Sudan, South Africa,
Nigeria, the Gold Coast, Rhodesia, and a large part of
China
The British Empire grew so large that a usual quote
heard at the time period of the turn of the century in
1900 was that “The sun never sets on the British
Empire.”
Imperialism Concerning the United
States- Alaska
Imperialism Concerning the United
States- Alaska
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1867- The U.S. Secretary of
State William Seward bought
Alaska from Russia.
Most Americans called this
“Seward’s Folly,” believing that
it was “Walrus-covered
icebergs.”
Seward knew Alaska was filled
with resources, such as the oil
that we extract from Alaska
today.
Alaska became a protectorate
of the U.S. in 1867 and later a
state in January of 1959.
The Next Imperialist motion by the United
States- Midway Islands and Hawaii
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The U.S. also opened up trade with
China and Japan, along with taking
over the Philippines. The U.S. took
over the Midway Islands in the
Pacific in 1867 and then opened up
a trade relationship with
independent Hawaii in 1875.
As stated by James G. Blaine, the
Secretary of State during 18891893 under Benjamin Harrison,
stated that “We have developed a
volume of manufactures which, in
many departments, overruns the
demands of the home market….
Our great demand is expansion… of
trade with countries where we can
find profitable exchanges.”
Takeover and Annexation of Hawaii
Annexation of Hawaii
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During Hawaiian King Kalakaua's
reign, a group of American and
European businessmen in Hawaii,
who had for many years
participated in Kingdom
government at the highest levels,
forced King Kalakaua to sign the
Baynonet Constitution in 1887,
which effectively rendered the
monarchy powerless. The Bayonet
Constitution it stripped the king of
his administrative authorities and
eliminated voting rights for all
Asians, required specific income
requirements for all other
American, European and native
Hawaiian voters, essentially
limiting the voters to wealthy elite
Americans, Europeans and native
Hawaiians. King Kalakaua reigned
until his death in 1891.
Annexation of Hawaii
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His sister, Liliuokalani,
succeeded him to the
throne and ruled until her
dethronement in 1893. Her
overthrow was
orchestrated by American
and European
businessmen. On May 30,
1894 a constitutional
convention drafted a
constitution for a Republic
of Hawaii. The Republic
was declared on July 4,
1894.
Annexation of Hawaii
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The U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898
Hawaii became the 50th U.S. State in
1959.
U.S. Businessmen creating Banana
Republics
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U.S. Businessmen and investors
began giving money to the
governments of the countries of
Costa Rica, Guatemala, and
Honduras. The governments of
these countries rewarded these
businessmen with large tracts
of land and railroad lines.
These businessmen used this
land and the railroad lines
mainly for farming. Minor C.
Keith, one of these such
businessmen, created the
United Fruit company and
exported 50 million bunches of
bananas per year. These
countries became known as
banana republics.
American Influence into the
early 1900’s
Review Questions
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Why did United States policymakers
feel the need to secure new markets
abroad in the late 1800’s?
What areas did the U.S. gain or at
least gain a trading relationship with
during this time period?
For Today’s Lesson…
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Take out your Chapter 18 Becoming a
World Power Note-guide
Get ready to answer the questions on
the half sheet of paper from the
Spanish American War video clip.
Objective today: Determine why the
United States went to war with Spain
in 1898 and how the U.S. became
victorious.
Review Questions to get back into
American Imperialism
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1. What were three reasons for the United
States to begin empire building?
2. What was the first location that the
United States acquired in 1867?
3. What location was acquired in 1898 and
later became the 50th state?
4. What do we call the exploitative land
acquisitions in South America in the
areas of Costa Rica, Guatemala, and
Honduras?
5. What were the four areas that Spain owned
which we acquired rights to through the
Spanish American War?
The Spanish American War
Jose Marti and the Spanish American War
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At the age of 16 in 1869, Marti had begun
writing letters against Spanish rule in Cuba, and
for this he spent 6 years of his life in Spanish
jails in Cuba, only to move later to the U.S. in
1880.
In 1892, he founded the Cuban Revolutionary
Party and published the Manifesto de Montecristi,
which Proclaimed Cuban Independence from
Spain
1895- Spain-owned Cuba rebelled, encouraged
by writings of Jose Marti. Spain placed the
rebelling Cubans in concentration camps and
placed Marti in jail. Over the next two years,
estimates rate that as many as 100,000 Cubans
died in these camps due to starvation and
disease. When the U.S. declined to intervene,
Cubans began destroying the American
businesses in Cuba, destroying sugar plantations
and mills.
Marti himself was killed when fighting against the
Spanish in 1895 in the Battle of Dos Rios, the
first skirmish between the Cubans and Spanish.
Jose Marti
Yellow Journalists
• William Randolph Hearst, editor of the
New York Journal, and Joseph Pulitzer, of
the New York World, may be the biggest
contributors to involving the United States
in this struggle versus the Spanish.
• Using sensational and occasionally
fictional stories, Hearst and Pulitzer sold
papers, as American sentiment pushed
for a war with Spain.
Wm. Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
Spanish American War
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1898- The Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
• The U.S. sent the U.S.S. Maine to protect American citizens in
Cuba and to protect the Havana, Cuba harbor. On February 15,
1898, the U.S.S. Maine exploded and sank, killing more than
250 American sailors. Today it is believed that the explosion
was probably caused by a fire upon the ship which set
ammunition ablaze. The U.S. newspapers blamed the explosion
on Spain.
• The President at the time was William McKinley and was not
pushing for war with Spain. Instead, he tried to make peace
and he demanded that Spain give compensation to the U.S. for
the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine and grant Cuba their
independence.
Spanish American War
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William McKinley
Beginning of our
involvement in the
conflict
• Spain would not grant
Cuba their
independence the
inability to Spain to
grant McKinley’s
demands and the
newspaper articles and
the American public
pushing for war forced
McKinley to declare
war on April 11, 1898,
stating the War cry,
“Remember the
Maine.”
Theaters of War in the Spanish
American War
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Pacific Theater
• Philippines and Guam
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Atlantic Theater
• Cuba and Puerto Rico
Spanish American War- Main Events
within the War
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The first attack took
place between U.S.
Admiral George Dewey
and the Spanish fleet
within the Pacific, off
the coast of the
Philippines. Dewey was
extremely successful
with his new ironclad
ships and destroyed the
obsolete Spanish fleet
of 10 ships within 7
hours on May 1, 1898.
Take out your note-card and
answer the following questions…
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1. Based off of your understanding to
this point, what is yellow journalism?
2. Name one of the two yellow
journalists.
3. What was the last event that brought
the U.S. into the Spanish American War?
4. Admiral George Dewey was
attempting to control the waters around
what country when destroying the 10
ship Spanish fleet?
Spanish American War- Main Events
within the War
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The biggest ground attack took
place at San Juan Hill at Cuba
on July 1, 1898. African
American U.S. soldiers
attacked the Spanish first and
then the clean-up duty was
completed by Teddy Roosevelt
and the Rough Riders, a
company that was made up of
Teddy Roosevelt’s army
buddies and were outfitted and
acted very Hollywood. This
group was a bunch of college
athletes, miners, cowboys, and
policemen. This event became
the most well-known event in
the War as the great American
army-man Teddy Roosevelt led
his company in the taking of a
crucial area in Cuba.
Picture taken after Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough
Riders captured San Juan Hill in Cuba
Beginning Questions for today…
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1. Why did we get involved in the
Spanish American War?
2. Name the two great military
successes that we had in the Spanish
American War.
3. What did the Rough Riders really
do at San Juan Hill?
4. Who should receive the credit for
the Battle of San Juan Hill?
5. What would this War prove for
America?
Spanish American War- Main
Events within the War
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On July 3, 1898, the U.S. Navy surrounded the Spanish fleet at
Cuba and sank every Spanish ship, which became the last attack
of the Spanish American War.
Over the total time of the Spanish American War, the U.S. lost
over 2,500 soldiers, but 2100 of them died from malaria, yellow
fever, and poor medical care.
Results of the Spanish American War
• Spain recognized Cuban Independence
• The U.S. paid Spain $20 million but gained the Philippines,
Puerto Rico, and Guam. These areas did not become states
but were controlled by the U.S.
Expectations of the U.S. people
versus those of other Countries
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The Philippines people
believed that they would be
independent after the
Spanish American War, but
the U.S. kept the Philippines.
The Philippines, led by Emilio
Aguinaldo, attacked American
soldiers in 1899 and a three
year guerilla war ensued.
Though the Philippines never
again rose up, eventually the
U.S. gave the Philippines their
independence much later in
1946.
Expectations of the U.S. people versus those of
other Countries
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The U.S. agreed to give Cuba their
independence but we protected our
interest within their nation by setting up
an educational system within the nation
and keeping our soldiers in Cuba for three
years. Even after the three years, the U.S.
kept two naval bases in Cuba until 1934.
Puerto Rico did not become independent
and their people today are offered
American citizenship, though Puerto Rico
never became a state.
Guam became a territory of
the United States and has
remained as so throughout our
history.