Transcript The Era of Good Feelings

The American System
• Proposed by Henry Clay
• Program of national
economic development
• Supported by Madison & the
D-Rs
• Three Components:
– Bank of the United States
– Protective Tariffs
– Development of roads and
canals
Second Bank of the U.S. 1816
(BUS)
• D-Rs had allowed the 1st Bank
of the U.S. to expire in 1811
• 1816: reversed their opinion
– State & local banks had
begun printing their own
money leading to
depreciation
• Passed and given a 20 year
charter
• Not supported by the
Federalists
Tariff of 1816
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1st protective tariff in U.S. history
1815: England & U.S. were trading again
British goods threatened U.S. manufacturers
Congress (w/Madison’s approval) passes a
tariff to protect the production of American
goods
• 20-25% tax on some imported goods
• Not supported by the Federalists
Development of roads and
canals
• Madison supported NATIONAL development
• Government would only support INTERstate
roads and canals
• INTRAstate roads and canals had to be funded
by the states
• Madison would veto any legislation for
intrastate transportation
The Election of 1816
The Basics
• Two term President
• 1817-1825
• Country united under 1
political party
Death of the Federalists
• Lost popular support because of the War of
1812 and the Hartford Convention
• Last election they participated in was 1816
The Election of 1820
John Quincy Adams
• J.Q. Adams was the
Secretary of State under
Monroe
• ALL foreign relations
accomplishments were
due to him
Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)
• Treaty signed between Britain & the U.S.
• Demilitarized the Great Lake region
– BRITAIN FINALLY LEAVING!!
• Final end to the hostilities between the 2
nations
Treaty of 1818
• Between Britain &
the U.S.
• Established a
border between
British Canada &
U.S. at the 49th
parallel
• Britain & U.S.
agree to share
Oregon
Adams–Onis Treaty (1819)
• 1817: Andrew Jackson
attacks Spanish forts in
Florida
• Convinces the Spanish
the can not defend it any
longer
• 1819 Treaty: the U.S.
will buy Florida from
Spain and agree to a
southern border
The United States: 1824
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• Spain’s colonies in the
• December 2, 1823 Monroe
W. Hemisphere declaring
presents the Doctrine to
their independence
Congress
• U.S. only country to
• European powers no longer
recognize them
able to colonize or interfere in
the Western Hemisphere
• Holy Alliance offers to
help Spain re-colonize
• Britain enforced
• What to do?
• England offers to make a
joint statement
– Adams says NO
Panic of 1819
• 1st major financial crisis of
the U.S.
• Causes:
– End of European Wars
– Land Speculation
• Blamed on the BUS
• Began a confrontation
between the North and
South regarding tariffs that
would continue until the
Civil War
The “Peculiar Institution” called Slavery
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Northern states had all abolished slavery by 1819
Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
Cotton became “King” as the southern cash crop
VERY labor intensive
Slavery became entrenched in the Southern way
of life
Western Settlement
• Explosive westward movement between 1800 & 1820
• ¼ of the population moved west
1810
1820
Western Settlement
• Reasons:
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Cheap Land
Land Exhaustion
Economic Stress
Crushing of the Indians
• New States: AL (1819), IL
(1818), IN (1816), KY
(1792), LA (1812), MS
(1817), OH (1803), and TN
(1796)
• States entered alternately as
slave or non-slave to
maintain a balance
• Divided at the Mason
Dixon Line
Missouri Compromise (1820)
• 1820 Missouri applied for statehood
• Problem?
– Wanted to be a slave state
– Would upset the sectional balance of 11-11
• North did not want South to have advantage in the
Senate
• South did not want North to have both the HOR &
Senate
Missouri Compromise (1820)
• Tallmadge Amendment
proposed:
– Proposed a gradual end to
slavery
• North agreed – passed in the
HOR
• South disagreed – failed in the
Senate
• Henry Clay proposed a
Compromise
– MO admitted as slave
– ME admitted as free
– No Slavery above the 36°30’
line
• Both sides agreed
The Candidates
John Quincy
Adams
[MA]
Henry Clay
[KY]
William H.
Crawford
[GA]
Andrew Jackson
[TN]
All are from the SAME political party:
Democratic-Republicans
The Election of 1824