Transcript Madison and the War of 1812

1. Madison’s attempts at US Neutrality
• Causes of War of 1812
• Impressment
• War Hawks
• Tecumseh
• Defend American neutrality
2. 2nd War of Independence: vs. Great Britain
• Mr. Madison’s War---War of 1812
• Misc. Information and lst’s
• War strategy
• Francis Scott Key = “National Anthem”
• British burn White House
• War heroes
• William Henry Harrison
• Andrew Jackson
• Battle of New Orleans--1815
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3. Outcomes:
• War----a stalemate
• Treaty of Ghent
• Hartford Convention
• War’s Legacy
• US defends it’s neutrality
• Respect from Europe
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4. President James Monroe, 1817 to 1825
• Era of Good Feelings
• Monroe Doctrine
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President James Madison
• Born in Virginia, 1751
•Enlisted in Continental Army
but too small
•Attended Princeton University
and became a lawyer.
•Father of the Constitution and
Bill of Rights.
•Secretary of State during
Jefferson’s Presidency
•President, 1809 to 1817
•Most known for defending US
Neutrality during the War of
1812.
War breaks out
again between the
United States and
Britain in 1812.
NEXT
France and Great Britain are at war
impressment
Both sides were impressing US ships.
An act of kidnapping a ship, its contents, men and forcing
them into your navy
England closed ports
under French control to
foreign shipping (incl. US),
seized US ships &
impressed Americans.
Napoleon ordered seizure
of all merchant ships that
entered British ports.
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2. War Hawks
John C. Calhoun
South Carolina
Henry Clay
Kentucky
New members of Congress, from
the South and West, John C.
Calhoun and Henry Clay want war
with Great Britain….Why?
•U.S. must defend its neutrality
•Stop impressment
•British forts
•Desire for Canada and Florida
•Called 2nd War of Independence
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PRINCIPLES WE FOUGHT FOR
•Defend our neutrality
•Freedom of the seas
•Defend our self interest
Madison brought the US into
this war to defend the neutrality
of the US.
Would this be a violation of
President Washington’s policy of
President James Madison
keeping the US out of war and
neutral?
“Mr. Madison’s War”
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Why Britain, not France?
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Impressment: destroying US economy
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British forts = Remember Jay Treaty
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Arming of Indians
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Desire for Canada
No respect from British
Was convinced by the War Hawks that this
was a needed war.
“Mr. Madison’s War”
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June, 1812: War Hawks engineer declaration of war
with England.
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Unfortunately, Congress was not aware that London
repealed impressment policy 2 days prior to war
New England states opposed to war but
Southern/Western states supported the war
US at war vs. most powerful nation, but US divided
Poorly equipped US army initiated military action in
1812 by launching a 3-part invasion of Canada
The British easily repulsed the Americans
Map war1812
•US unprepared for
war.
•Failed invasion into
Canada.
•Blockade hurt US
economy…
highlights
Washington, D.C. burned by
British, 25th of August 1814
Dolly Madison escaped
from White House and
took many pieces of
art, furniture from the
White House before the
British destroyed it.
highlights
U.S. Flag which flew
over Fort McHenry to
inspire Francis Scott
Key to write the Star
Spangled Banner.
September 13th, 1814
Battle of Fort McHenry,
1814
Oh Say Can You See
By the Dawn’s Early Light…
-- Francis Scott Key
New orleans
•10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi
River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.
•4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were
defeated on January 8, 1815, 2 weeks after the Treaty of
Ghent was negotiated to end the war.
New orleans
•Considered greatest
U.S. victory to that
time
•Defeated British’s
best without help
from any country
•Countries gained
respect for the U.S.
after this battle.
•Kept Louisiana
Purchase under the
control of the U.S.
The Treaty of Ghent
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War of 1812 is considered a
“stalemate”…Dec. 1814
Peace commissioners in Ghent
devised the following terms of
peace
 A halt to the fighting
 The return of all conquered
territory to the prewar borders
 Recognition of the prewar
boundary between Canada and
the United States
Treaty was ratified by the Senate
The War’s Legacy
U.S. gained the respect of other nations
 U.S. came to accept Canada as a neighbor and a
part of the British Empire
 The Federalist party came to an end as a national
force
 Talk of nullification and secession in New England
set a precedent that would later be used by the
South
 Gained our neutrality and became isolated from
Europe
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The War’s Legacy

Native Americans in the West were forced to
surrender large areas of land and move west.
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War heroes such as Andrew Jackson and William
Henry Harrison would eventually become
Presidents.
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More U.S. factories were built
Growth of American nationalism
Enter a time period in our history called the “Era of
Good Feelings”
The War of 1812 won new respect for
America among many British. Michael Scott,
a young lieutenant in the British navy wrote,
“I don’t like Americans; I never did, and never
shall like them…..I have no wish to eat with
them, drink with them, deal with, or consort
with them in any way; but let me tell the whole
truth, nor fight with them, were it not for the
laurels to be acquired, by overcoming an
enemy so brave, determined and alert, and in
every way so worthy on one’s steel, as they have
always proved.
Respect from the Europeans