Transcript Slideshow

Today’s Goal – 23-January-13
• Assess the goals of Progressives:
· The desire to remove corruption and
undue influence from government through
the taming of bosses and political machines;
· The effort to include more people more
directly in the political process;
· The conviction that government must play
a role to solve social problems and establish
fairness in economic matters.
What is Reform?
Is ALL reform positive?
• Giving access to education to more kids?
• Limiting the power of corrupt politicians?
• Ensuring the equality of all races and both
genders?
• Providing aid to the impoverished?
• Regulating business?
• Legislating work hours/pay?
• Eugenics?
Is ALL reform positive?
• Taking down political machines by any
means necessary?
• Introducing referendum, initiative, and
recall options for voters?
• Securing the secret ballot?
• Starting an income tax to be able to afford
all of these programs?
What is a GRASSROOTS
movement?
• Average people
(Americans) are
inspired to act where
the government will
not.
• Sometimes these
movement influence
government
decisions…and
elections
Progressive Grassroots
• Information Led the
Way.
– Muckrakers
• These were journalists who
focused their efforts on
exposing their perceived
problems in society.
• Jacob Riis, Upton
Sinclair, Ida Tarbell,
Lincoln Steffens
Let’s take a look at
Muckraking…
• Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle was
published in 1906.
– Tomorrow we will ead some excerpts…as you
read decide would you be prompted to want
change if you KNEW you were a customer of
the place he is writing about?
• He did his research in Chicago, by the way.
Today’s Goal (continued) – 23-January-13
• Was segregation a Constitutional means of
protecting 2 races from one another?
– What rights should African-Americans have expected?
– What did African-Americans need to do to achieve
those rights?
• Terms to Know– Lynching, Poll Tax, Grandfather Clause, Jim Crow,
Literacy Test
• People to Know
– Homer Plessy, Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du
Bois
Rights to be Expected
• Amendment XIII
• Section 1.
– Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a
punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or
any place subject to their jurisdiction.
• Section 2.
– Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.
Rights to be Expected
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Amendment XIV
Section 1.
– All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United
States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or
immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without
due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Section 2.
– Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the
whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the
choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and
judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such
state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation
in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of
such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.
Section 3.
– No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any
office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member
of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial
officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion
against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each
House, remove such disability.
Section 4.
– The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of
pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the
United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion
against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and
claims shall be held illegal and void.
Section 5.
– The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
Rights to be Expected
• Amendment XV
• Section 1.
– The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States or by
any state on account of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
• Section 2.
– The Congress shall have power to enforce this article
by appropriate legislation.
Plessy v Ferguson, 1896
What impact would this decision
have in the South? 9/10 AfricanAmericans Lived in the South at turn
of Century
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Lynching –
Poll Taxes –
Literacy Tests –
Grandfather Clauses –
Jim Crow -
Excerpt From Chapter 10
• Here was a population, low-class and mostly foreign,
hanging always on the verge of starvation, and dependent
for its opportunities of life upon the whim of men every
bit as brutal and unscrupulous as the old-time slave
drivers; under such circumstances immorality was exactly
as inevitable, and as prevalent, as it was under the system
of chattel slavery. Things that were quite unspeakable
went on there in the packing houses all the time, and were
taken for granted by everybody; only they did not show,
as in the old slavery times, because there was no
difference in color between master and slave.
Excerpt From Chapter 14
• [T]he meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the
shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw
one—there were things that went into the sausage in comparison
with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. There was no place for the
men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they
made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be
ladled into the sausage. There were the butt-ends of smoked meat,
and the scraps of corned beef, and all the odds and ends of the
waste of the plants, that would be dumped into old barrels in the
cellar and left there. Under the system of rigid economy which
the packers enforced, there were some jobs that it only paid to do
once in a long time, and among these was the cleaning out of the
waste barrels. Every spring they did it; and in the barrels would
be dirt and rust and old nails and stale water—and cartload after
cartload of it would be taken up and dumped into the hoppers
with fresh meat, and sent out to the public’s breakfast.
Excerpt From Chapter 26
• All day long the blazing midsummer sun beat down upon
that square mile of abominations: upon tens of thousands
of cattle crowded into pens whose wooden floors stank and
steamed contagion; upon bare, blistering, cinder-strewn
railroad tracks, and huge blocks of dingy meat factories,
whose labyrinthine passages defied a breath of fresh air to
penetrate them; and there were not merely rivers of hot
blood, and carloads of moist flesh, and rendering vats and
soap caldrons, glue factories and fertilizer tanks, that smelt
like the craters of hell—there were also tons of garbage
festering in the sun, and the greasy laundry of the workers
hung out to dry, and dining rooms littered with food and
black with flies, and toilet rooms that were open sewers.
Excerpt From Chapter 29
• To Jurgis the packers had been equivalent to
fate; Ostrinski showed him that they were
the Beef Trust. They were a gigantic
combination of capital, which had crushed
all opposition, and overthrown the laws of
the land, and was preying upon the people.
Take out ½ a sheet of paper
• Using what we have talked about today
complete the following sentence and turn it
in.
• Progressive reform began with ______,
continued with ______, and was successful
at ________, despite, ____________.