Transcript The Presidents of the United States

The Presidents
of the United States
Major Events that shaped the
presidency.
Washington, George
1789-97
1789
The Judiciary Act specified the number of
Federal courts and judges. 1790
Nickname: "Father of His
Country“
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: No formal
education
Occupation: Planter, Soldier
Political Party: Federalist
$25,000/year (refused by
Washington)
Supreme Court met for the first time with John
Jay as the Chief Justice. 1791
Federal capital established in swamplands on
the Potomac.
A national banking system established by the
Bank Act.
The Bill of Rights take effect.
Adams, John
1797-1801
1796
E Pluribus Unum: "Out of Many, One"; added to
American coins. 1797
2nd President of the United
States
(March 4, 1797 to March 3,
1801) Nickname: "Atlas of
Independence"
Religion: Unitarian
Education: Graduated from
Harvard College (1755)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party: Federalist
Three anonymous French trouble makers
brought France and the U.S. to the brink of war
in what became known as the XYZ Affair. 1798
Federalists support the highly unpopular Alien
and Sedition Acts.
U.S. capital relocated to Washington, D.C. from
Philadelphia.
Congress established Library of Congress.
Jefferson, Thomas
1801-09
1803
Supreme Court ruled in Marbury v. Madison
. Any law passed by Congress can be
declared unconstitutional by the courts.
3rd President of the United States
(March 4, 1801 to March 3, 1809)
Nicknames: "Man of the People";
"Sage of Monticello"
Religion: No formal affiliation
Education: Graduated from College
of William and Mary (1762)
Occupation: Lawyer, planter
Political Party: DemocraticRepublican
The Louisiana Territory was purchased from
France for $15 million dollars.
12th Amendment changed Presidential
election rules.
.
Congress outlaws importing slaves
#4
Madison, James
1809-17
1812
War declared on England on June 18 after
England continued to attack U.S. ships
headed to France.
4th President of the United
States
(March 4, 1809 to March 3,
1817) Nicknames: "Father of
the Constitution“
City of Washington captured and burned by
British, August 24.
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: Graduated
Princeton University; 1771)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party: DemocraticRepublican
Treaty of Ghent ended War of 1812 on
December 24, but fighting continued. 1815
Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled
Banner".
#5
Monroe, James
1817-25
5th President of the United
States
(March 4, 1817 to March 3, 1825)
Nicknames: "The Last Cocked
Hat"; "Era-of-Good-Feeling
President“
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: Graduated from
College of William and Mary
(1776)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party: DemocraticRepublican
1819
Florida ceded by Spain to the United
States on February 22. In exchange the
U.S. cancelled $5 million in Spanish
debts.
1820
The Missouri Compromise, forbade
slavery above 36 degrees 30 minutes
latitude.
Monroe reelected. 1823
On December 2, Monroe Doctrine
delivered to Congress.
#6
Adams, John Quincy
1825-29
Erie Canal completed. 1828
6th President of the
United States
(March 4, 1825 to March 3,
1829) Nickname: "Old
Man Eloquent"
Religion: Unitarian
Education: Graduated
from Harvard College
(1787)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party:
Democratic-Republican
Baltimore & Ohio railroad, the first
designed for passengers and freight.
#7
Jackson, Andrew
1829-37
About 2,000 of Jackson's supporters given
government jobs. Jackson also set up a
"kitchen cabinet" of informal advisers.
Jackson reelected.
7th President of the
United States
(March 4, 1829 to March 3,
1837) Nickname: "Old
Hickory"
Jackson vetoed the rechartering of 2nd Bank
leading to the creation of the Whig Party.
South Carolina attempted to nullify federal tariff
laws. Federal troops sent to South Carolina
Religion: Presbyterian
Education: No formal
education
Occupation: Lawyer,
soldier
Political Party:
Democratic
U.S. became debt free (briefly) for the only time
in history. 1836
6000 Mexicans defeated 190 Americans in 12
days at the Alamo on March 6.
#8
Van Buren, Martin
1837-41
1837
Banks closed in Philadelphia and New
York City on May 10. This was the
beginning of the Panic of 1837. The
depression that followed would last
throughout Van Buren's term.
8th President of the United
States
(March 4, 1837 to March 3,
1841) Nicknames: "The Little
Magician"; "The Red Fox of
Kinderhook“
Religion: Dutch Reformed
Education: Graduated from
Kinderhook Academy (1796)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party: Democratic
1838
Trail of Tears. Thousands of Indians
forced from their homes and die.
Harrison, William Henry
1841
1841
9th President of the
United States
(March 4, 1841 to April 4,
1841) Nicknames: "Old
Tippecanoe"; "Old Tip"
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: Attended
Hampden-Sydney
College
Occupation: Soldier
Political Party: Whig
Delivered the longest inaugural
address on March 4. It was an
extremely cold day and Harrison did
not wear a hat while delivering the 105
minute speech. He contracted
pneumonia and died in the White
House one month later.
#10
10th President of the
United States
(April 6, 1841 to March
3, 1845) Nicknames:
"Accidental President";
"His Accidency“
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: Graduated
from the College of
William and Mary (1807)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party: Whig
Tyler, John
1841-45
1841
Tyler's cabinet resigned after he
vetoed banking bills supported
by the Whigs.
1844
Far East opened to U.S. traders
after a treaty with China signed.
1845
Texas annexed followed by war
with Mexico.
#11
Polk, James
1845-49
1846
A large crack in the Liberty Bell too large to
permit the bell to be rung any more.
11th President of the
United States
(March 4, 1845 to March
3, 1849) Nickname:
"Young Hickory“
Religion: Presbyterian
Education: Graduated
from the University of
North Carolina (1818)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party:
Democratic
Dispute with Britain over the Oregon
Territory settled. Both nations get a part of
the territory.
1848
Treaty of 1848 with Mexico gave the U.S.
control over California, New Mexico,
Arizona, Nevada, Utah and parts of
Colorado and Wyoming.
Gold discovered in California in December.
#12
12th President of the
United States
(March 5, 1849 to July 9,
1850) Nickname: "Old
Rough and Ready"
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: No formal
education
Occupation: Soldier
Political Party: Whig
Taylor, Zachary
1849-50
As a soldier always moving from location
to location, Taylor never established an
official place of residence and never
registered to vote, He didn't even vote in
his own election. It wasn't until he was 62
that he cast his first ballot.
November 7, 1848 was the first time a
presidential election was held on the
same day in every state.
1850
The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty signed with
Britain guaranteed that any future canal
across Central America would be
available to all nations.
Fillmore, Millard
1850-53
1850
Congress passed the Compromise of 1850
and Fugitive Slave Act in September.
13th President of the
United States
(July 9, 1850 to March
3, 1853) Nickname:
"The American Louis
Philippe“
Religion: Unitarian
Education: No formal
education
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party: Whig
The White House's first library, bathtub and
kitchen stove were installed by the
Fillmore's.
#
Pierce, Franklin
1853-57
1853
Gadsden Purchase
14th President of the
United States
(March 4, 1853 to March 3,
1857) Nickname: "Young
Hickory of the Granite Hills“
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: Graduated
from Bowdoin College
(1824)
Occupation: Lawyer,
public official
Political Party: Democrat
1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Ostend Manifesto
Treaty with Japan negotiated
by Commodore Matthew Perry
Pierce was the only elected
President who sought but did
not win his party's nomination
for a second term.
#15
Buchanan, James
1857-61
Supreme Court declared in the Dred Scott
case that Congress had no power over
slavery in the territories
15th President of the
United States
(March 4, 1857 to March 3,
1861) Nickname: "Old
Buck“
Religion: Presbyterian
Education: Graduated
from Dickinson College
(1809)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party:
Democrat
The sectional controversy grew steadily
more serious during the last two years of
Buchanan's presidency.
Creation of the Confederate States of
America during Buchanan's last months in
office.
He refused to turn over Fort Pickens in
Florida and Fort Sumter in South Carolina
to the authorities in those secessionist
states.
#16
1861-65
Lincoln, Abraham
Lincoln was the first president to die by
assassination.
President during the Civil War
16th President of the
United States
(March 4, 1861 to April 15,
1865) Nicknames: "Honest
Abe"; "Illinois Rail-Splitter“
Religion: No formal
affiliation
Education: No formal
education
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party: Republican
He believed the national government had
the power to crush the rebellion.
The Gettysburg Address
Signed the Emancipation Proclamation
#17
Johnson, Andrew
1865-69
14th Amendment passed
17th President of the
United States
(April 15, 1865 to March
3, 1869) Nickname:
None
Religion: No formal
affiliation
Education: No formal
education
Occupation: Tailor,
public official
Political Party:
Democratic
Was unsuccessful in passing a
reconstruction plan for the South
#18
18th President
Religion: Methodist
Education:
Graduated from the
U.S. Military
Academy in West
Point, N.Y. (1843)
Occupation: Soldier
Political Party:
Republican
Grant, Ulysses S.
1869-77
Reconstruction
Transcontinental Railroad Completed (1869)
Fifteenth Amendment Ratified (1870)
Credit Mobilier Scandal (1872)
Panic of 1873
Whiskey Ring Scandal (1875)
Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)
Hayes, Rutherford B.
1877-81
Compromise of 1877 (End of
Reconstruction)
Nineteenth President of the
United States
Religion: No formal
affiliation
Education: Graduated
from Kenyon College
(1842) and Harvard Law
School (1845)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party: Republican
Bland-Allison Act (1878)
Pronounced the necessity of
creating an American controlled
canal in Panama (1880)
#20
Garfield, James
1881
Was shot on July 1, 1881 by Charles
Guiteau and later died in office from
this wound.
Twentieth President
Religion: Disciples of
Christ
Education: Graduated
from Williams College
(1856)
Occupation: Teacher,
public official
Political Party:
Republican
#21
Arthur, Chester
1881-85
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Pendleton Act (1883)
Twenty-First President
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: Graduated
from Union College
(1848)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party:
Republican
#22
Cleveland, Grover
1885-89
Presidential Succession Act (1886)
Twenty-Second
President
Religion: Presbyterian
Education: No formal
education
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party:
Democrat
Dedication of Statue of Liberty
(1886)
Harrison, Benjamin
1889-93
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
Twenty-Third
President
Religion: Presbyterian
Education: Graduated
from Miami University,
Oxford, Ohio (1852)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party:
Republican
Electricity Installed in White
House (1891)
Cleveland, Grover
1893-97
Panic of 1893
Chicago World's Fair (1893)
Pullman's Strike (1894)
Twenty-Fourth
President of the
United States
McKinley, William
1897-1901
Spanish-American War (1898)
Annexation of Hawaii (1898)
Twenty-Fifth
President
Religion: Methodist
Education: Attended
Allegheny College
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party:
Republican
Open Door Policy/Boxer
Rebellion (1899-1900)
Was assassinated soon after
being elected to his second
term.
Roosevelt, Theodore
1901-09
Roosevelt Corollary (1904/05)
Twenty-Sixth President
Religion: Dutch Reformed
Education: Graduated
from Harvard College
(1880)
Occupation: Author,
lawyer, public official
Political Party: Republican
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
Won Nobel Peace Prize (1906)
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
San Francisco Earthquake (1906)
Panic of 1907
#27
Taft, William H.
1909-13
Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act (1909)
Sixteenth Amendment Ratified
(1913)
Twenty-Seventh
President
Religion: Unitarian
Education: Graduated
from Yale College
(1878); Cincinnati Law
School (1880)
Occupation: Lawyer,
public official
Political Party:
Republican
Dollar Diplomacy
Antitrust Policy
#28
Wilson, Woodrow
1913-21
Seventeenth Amendment
World War I (1914-1918)
Twenty-Eighth
President
Religion: Presbyterian
Education: Graduated
from the College of
New Jersey
Occupation: Teacher,
public official
Political Party:
Democrat
Lusitania Sunk (1915)
United States entered World War I
by declaring war on Germany
(1917)
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Eighteenth Amendment ratified)
Nineteenth Amendment ratified giving
women the right to vote (1920)
Harding, Warren
1921-23
Teapot Dome Scandal
Harding officially opposed entry
into the League of Nations (1921)
Twenty-Ninth President
Religion: Baptist
Education: Graduated
from Ohio Central
College (1882)
Occupation: EditorPublisher
Political Party:
Republican
World War I was formally ended by
joint resolution (1921)
#30
Coolidge, Calvin
1923-29
Immigration Act of 1924
Thirtieth President
Religion:
Congregationalist
Education: Graduated
from Amherst College
(1895)
Occupation: Lawyer
Political Party:
Republican
Revenue Acts of 1924 and 1926
Charles Lindbergh make his
historic transatlantic flight (1927)
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
Hoover, Herbert
1929-33
Stock Market Crash (1929)
Start of the Great Depression (1929)
Thirty-First President
Religion: Society of
Friends (Quaker)
Education:
Graduated from
Stanford University
(1895).
Occupation: Engineer
Political Party:
Republican
Lame Duck Amendment Ratified (1933)
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
1933-45
Twenty-First Amendment - Repeal of
Prohibition (1933)
New Deal policies
Thirty-Second President
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: Graduated
from Harvard College
(1903); Attended
Columbia Law School
Occupation: Public
official, lawyer
Political Party:
Democrat
Social Security Act (1935)
World War II (1939-1945)
Pearl Harbor attacked; US enters
World War II (1941)
Truman, Harry
1945-53
Atomic Bombs Dropped on Hiroshima
and Nagasaki (1945)
End of World War II (1945)
Thirty-Third President
Religion: Baptist
Education: Attended
the University of
Kansas City Law
School
Occupation: Farmer,
public official
Political Party:
Democrat
United Nations Created (1945)
Truman Doctrine (1947)
Korean Conflict (1950-1953)
Twenty-Second Amendment Ratified
(1951)
Hydrogen Bomb Detonated (1952)
Eisenhower, Dwight
1953-61
End of the Korean War (1953)
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Thirty-Fourth President
Religion: Presbyterian
Education: Graduated
from U.S. Military
Academy, West Point,
N.Y. (1915)
Occupation: Soldier
Political Party:
Republican
Interstate Highway System Created
(1956)
Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)
Commander of Allied Forces during
WWII
#35
Kennedy, John F.
1961-63
Bay of Pigs (1961)
Berlin Wall built (1961)
Thirty-Fifth President
Religion: Roman
Catholic
Education: Graduated
from Harvard College
(1940)
Occupation: Author,
public official
Political Party:
Democrat
Alan Shepard, Jr. became the first
American in space (1961)
Twenty-Third Amendment
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Was assassinated while in office
#36
Johnson, Lyndon
1963-69
Vietnam Conflict Continues (1963 1969)
Thirty-Sixth President
Religion: Disciples of
Christ
Education: Graduated
from Southwest Texas
State Teachers College
(1930)
Occupation: Teacher,
public official
Political Party:
Democrat
Civil Rights Act (1964)
Medicare and Medicaid (1965)
Twenty-Fifth Amendment
#37
Thirty-Seventh President
Religion: Society of
Friends (Quaker)
Education: Graduated
from Whittier College
(1934) and Duke
University Law School
(1937)
Occupation: Lawyer,
public official
Political Party:
Republican
Nixon, Richard
1969-74
Twenty-Sixth Amendment ratified
giving 18-year-olds the right to vote
(1971)
Break-in at Watergate occurs (1972)
End of the Vietnam War (1973)
Nixon resign (1974)
#38
Ford, Gerald
1974-77
Ford grants Nixon an
unconditional pardon (1974)
Thirty-Eighth President
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: Graduated
from the University of
Michigan (1935) and Yale
University Law School
(1941)
Occupation: Lawyer,
public official
Political Party:
Republican
Communist victory in Southeast
Asia (1975-76)
Helsinki Agreement (1975)
#39
Carter, Jimmy
1977-81
Vietnam War era draft evaders
pardoned (1977)
Thirty-Ninth President
Religion: Baptist
Education: Graduated
from U.S. Naval
Academy, Annapolis,
Md. (1946)
Occupation: Farmer,
public official
Political Party:
Democrat
Panama Canal Treaty (1977)
Three Mile Island incident (1979)
Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-81)
Reagan, Ronald
1981-89
Sandra Day O'Connor named first
woman Supreme Court justice (1981)
Attempted assassination (1981)
Fortieth President
Religion: Disciples of
Christ
Education: Graduated
from Eureka College
(1932)
Occupation: Actor,
public official
Political Party:
Republican
Glasnost with the Soviet Union (19851991)
Stark incident in Gulf War (1987)
Bush, George H.W.
1989-93
Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska (1989)
Break up of the Soviet Union (1991)
Persian Gulf War (1990-91)
Forty-First President
Religion: Episcopalian
Education: Graduated
from Yale University
(1948)
Occupation:
Businessman, public
official
Political Party:
Republican
Clinton, William J.
1993-2001
NAFTA (1993)
Forty-Second President
Religion: Baptist
Education: Graduated from
Georgetown University
(1968); Attended Oxford
University (1968-70);
Graduated from Yale
University Law School (1973)
Occupation: Lawyer,
public official
Political Party: Democrat
World Trade Center Terrorist
Bombing (1993)
Oklahoma City federal building
Terrorist bombing (1995)
Impeachment (1999)
Bush, George W.
2001-present
Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon and
the World Trade Center in New York
City (September 11, 2001)
Forty-Third President
Religion: Methodist
Education: Graduated
from Yale University
(1968); Graduated from
Harvard Business School
(1975)
Occupation:
Businessman
Political Party:
Republican
War in Afghanistan (2001)
War in Iraq (2003)
To be continued…….