Transcript Conflicts of Empire Chapter 8

End of Spanish Rule
Chapter 6
Texas History
Coach Fletcher
Spanish Empire- 1760s
From 1756 to 1763 Europe was
involved in a world war called the
Seven Years’ War or to North
America it was called the French
and Indian War.
The war actually was between the
British colonies and the French in
Canada.
The peace treaty of the war greatly
affected the future of Texas. Called
Peace of Paris Treaty
Results of French and Indian War
1. Land east of the Mississippi River
and Canada went to the British.
2. The city of New Orleans given to
Spain.
3. The land west of the Mississippi
River was ceded or given to Spain by
the French.
(Louisiana remained Spanish
control from 1763 to 1800)
Spain didn’t worry about the French
any more but now had to deal with
the British.
Marques de Rubi Tour
About the Tour:
Started- 1766
Leader- Marques de Rubi
Route- California to Louisiana
Miles- covered 7,000 miles in 2
years
Texas- enters Texas in 1767
Results of the Tour
1. Spain realized that they didn’t
have the power or the wealth to
maintain such a large territory.
2. Spain also realized that with
Louisiana being between Texas
and the British colonies there was
no need to settle Texas.
3. Texas was no longer on the outer
parts of New Spain, it was now
Louisiana
Rubi Report
Rubi reports back to Madrid Spain in 1772
with the following suggestion:
1. All missions in East Texas be abandoned
except San Antonio and La Bahia
2. All the settlers from East Texas should
be sent to live in San Antonio
3. Spain to establish friendly relationships
with the Comanches and Wichitas.
4. Declare war against the Apaches,
protect Spanish interest. Apaches
getting too close to the Spanish
settlements.
Spain & Indian Relations
There was very little talk between the
Spaniards and the Comanches and
Witichas on the subject of becoming
friends.
The Comanches and Apaches
continued to attack the Spanish
missions and presidios.
The Indians were better at moving
around plus they had more soldiers
to fight.
Spain Gives Up Louisiana
1800-French Emperor Napoleon
Bonaparte forces Spain to return
Louisiana to France.
1803- France then sells Louisiana
to the United States for $15
million or 3 cents per acre.
(Called the Louisiana Purchase)
United States territory was now
doubled and bordered Texas,
Spain felt threatened by the
United States.
Trouble with Boundaries
United States and Spain argued over
the border locations between
Louisiana and Texas.
United States claimed the Sabine
River was the dividing line
between Texas and Louisiana.
Spain claimed that Arroyo Hondo a
small stream east of the Sabine
was the dividing line.
New Spanish Interest in
Texas
The United States was a threat to
Texas and there for Spanish
Government became more interested
in Texas.
More Spanish settlers and soldiers
moved into East Texas.
Neither Spain or the United States
wanted to go to war over the
boundary.
Neutral Boundaries
1806- General James Wilkinson of the
United States and Lieutenant Colonel
Simon de Herrera of New Spain
declare that the disputed territory
was to be neutral.
1806 to 1819- the neutral territory
wasn’t controlled by either Texas or
United State laws, therefore many
outlaws moved into the region.
The Adams-Onis Treaty
1819- The United States and Spain signed a
treaty to settle the dispute over borders.
The treaty was called the Adams-Onis Treaty.
It said:
1. The neutral area became United States
2. The Spanish ceded Florida to United States
3. United States gave all of Texas to Spain
4. West boundaries were drawn between all
New Spain and the United States
Filibusters
Filibusters means people who are
freebooters or adventurers.
These people were either:
1. trying to overthrow the Spanish
Government in Texas, wanting
Texas to become an independent
country or part of the U.S.
2. looking for adventure or an easy
way to get rich
Philip Nolan
Philip Nolan was perhaps the most
famous filibuster.
Job- bookkeeper, horse trader
Friend- General James Wilkinson
Texas- he came to Texas in 1791 to
capture wild horses called
mustangs
Spanish Government- Nolan had
received permission to enter Texas
to capture the mustangs
Nolan
Problem- since Nolan was a friend of
Wilkinson the Spanish Government
thought he was plotting to
overthrow the Spanish Government
in Texas.
Warning- the Spanish Government
warned Nolan to leave Texas and
not return
Actions- Nolan ignored the warning
and in late 1800 enters deep central
Texas with 20 men to capture more
mustangs.
Nolan
1801- 100 Spanish Soldiers went to
arrest Nolan and his men near
present day Waco, Texas.
Fight- Nolan decides to fight the
Spaniards, he is killed and the
remaining men were arrested and
put in prison in Mexico
Prison- for six years the men sat in
prison
1807- King of Spain orders that
every 5th man be hanged and the
rest put in prison for 10 more
years.
Nolan
9 men- there were only 9 men left so
the Spaniards decide to only hang 1
of the men
Dice- the prisoners rolled dice to see
who would be killed, low dice rolled
is the loser
Loser- Ephraim Blackburn was the
unlucky man, executed as enemy of
Spain
8 men- all were sent back to prison
and all die in prison except Peter
Ellis Bean.
Bean- released from prison
Nolan Mystery
There is still a mystery of why Philip
Nolan entered Texas.
There was only rumors that Philip
Nolan was going to overthrow the
Spanish Government.
Philip did make Texas maps of the
land he explored.
An Independent Movement
A Texas desire for independence
from Spain began to grow among
the people.
One of the first movement towards
independence was lead by Father
Miguel Hidalgo in 1810. The first
movement failed.
A second movement was lead by
Bernardo Gutierrez and Augustus
Magee.
Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
Gutierrez and Magee began to model
the American Revolution, they began
recruiting volunteers for their
Republican Army of the North.
The Republican Army of the North:
Texas- enters the Texas area August
1812
Army Men- 130
Soldiers- from U.S., Mexico, Indians &
French
The Expedition Route
1. Headed and took Nacogdoches
without a fight from the Spaniards.
2. Headed to La Bahia presidio at
Goliad, they held the fort through the
winter of 1812.
3. Headed to San Antonio with a new
leader named Samuel Kemper
(American). Winning near San
Antonio
Army Winning!!
With the Army having three major
victory Gutierrez drafted a
document stating that Texas was
free and independent.
Soon after the document came out
there was troubling views
between Gutierrez and the
Americans over what Texas
freedom really meant.
American and Mexican Views
The Americans thought that Texas
should be ran by elected officials
voted on by the people. (like
U.S.)
Mexicans thought that Texas
should be ran by a governor and
a ruling body of appointed
officials. (like Spain)
Failure of the Republican Army
A second disagreement arouse between
the two sides in San Antonio.
A force under the command of Antonio
Delgado killed 13 Spanish prisoners
and the governor of Texas.
The Americans blamed Gutierrez for the
murders, Gutierrez was forced to give
up control of the Republican Army.
The Republican Army began to fall
apart when many Americans started
to return home.
Spaniards Take Over
With the fall of the Republican Army
the Spaniards could end the
rebellion.
On August 1813 the Spaniards defeat
the Republican Army (1400 men) at
the Battle of Medina.
The Spaniards than take back San
Antonio, Goliad, and Nacogdoches.
Rebellions and Revolution
Revolution is the overthrow of
government.
Many other people continue to
challenge Spanish control of Texas.
Pirates began to attack Spanish
ships in the Gulf of Mexico.
Many people in Louisiana began to
take strikes at Spanish forces in
Mexico.
Jean Laffite
One famous pirate was Jean Laffite
from France.
He claimed he was trying to help
Mexico gain independence but he
was actually only interested in
Spanish treasure.
1820- Laffite began to attack
American ships, the Americans
drove Laffite and other pirates
from the gulf.
James Long
Goal- he wanted independence for
Texas
1819- Long lead a force into Texas
and captures the town of
Nacogdoches.
Government- Long establishes a
government in the town and
declares Texas as free.
President- Long declares himself as
the President of Texas
Long
Long went to Galveston Island
to ask Laffite for help.
While at Galveston Island
Spanish soldiers began to
move into Nacogdoches lead
by Ignacio Perez.
Perez with 500 Spanish soldiers
kill many of Long’s men.
Long was eventually killed while
in prison in Mexico.
Mexican Independence
1810- People still viewed
that Texas should be
independent from Spain.
1815- Spain had crushed
most rebellions in Texas.
1820- In Europe, Spain
was becoming weak
Mexican Independence
1821- A Mexican military leader
Agustin Iturbide saw an
opportunity to free Texas because
of Spain’s weakness.
1823- Iturbide was thrown out of
office by a Mexican revolt against
him.
1824- Mexico completed its
constitution officially and became a
republic free from Spain.
Key Terms
Alliance- an agreement by two or more
nations, or people
Filibuster- individual who carries out
rebellious activities in a foreign
country
Liberation- setting something free
Republic- a government in which power
lies with the citizens, who vote for
people to represent them
Vaquero- a Spanish cowboy
Lariat- lasso used to capture livestock