Transcript THE COLD WAR

THE COLD
WAR
(1945-1992)
START OF THE COLD WAR
• The United States, Britain, and France
(The Allies had freed their part of
Germany to form West Germany. The
Soviet Union kept East Germany and
East Berlin Communist and under their
control.
START OF THE COLD WAR
• The
division
between
Soviet and
Free
Europe
was known
as the
IRON
CURTAIN
START OF THE COLD WAR
SOVIET EXPANSION
• The Soviet Union led Communist
Revolutions in Czechoslovakia,
Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania, and
Bulgaria. These were added to Poland
and East Germany. The Soviet Union
organized to form the Warsaw Pact in
Eastern Europe.
SOVIET EXPANSION
• Warsaw Pact – The
Military Alliance
between the Eastern
European nations
under Soviet control.
• The nations under soviet control were
also known as the Communist Bloc
SOVIET EXPANSION
THE AMERICAN RESPONSE
• The Americans and their Allies formed
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(N.A.T.O.).
• President Truman released the Truman
Doctrine that said that Communism
would not be allowed to spread any
more (Called CONTAINMENT).
THE AMERICAN RESPONSE
• NATO – The Nations of
Western Europe that allied
themselves with the United
States to prevent the
spread of Communism.
• Truman Doctrine – Truman
used military alliances and
foreign aid to prevent the
spread of communism in
Europe and the Middle
East.
SPREAD OF COMMUNISM
• Communist Revolutions in
China, Cuba, North Korea,
North Vietnam as well as
growing Communist
movements in Latin
America, Asia, and the
Middle East.
SPREAD OF COMMUNISM
SPREAD OF COMMUNISM
• Domino Theory – The fear that Communist
revolutions would spread throughout
Southeast Asia.
NUCLEAR MISSILES
• The United States and The Soviet
Union built Nuclear Missiles hundreds of
times bigger than the Fat Man or Little
Boy. They both put them in Bombers,
Submarines and Silos. Together they
could destroy the whole World 7 times
in a few hours. (Mutually Assured
Destruction)
NUCLEAR MISSILES
• M.A.D. – Mutually Assured Destruction –
The belief that the more nuclear weapons
that each side had, the more likely it was
that no one would use them.
NUCLEAR MISSILES
NUCLEAR MISSILES
• ICBM – Intercontinental Ballistic
Missile – Missiles launched into a
low orbit that come down on the
other side of the earth.
BERLIN BLOCKADE
• (1948, Truman) - The
Western part of Berlin was
still a part of West Germany.
The Soviet Union shut down
all transportation to
Democratic West Berlin.
America organized an airlift to
get supplies to West Berlin by
plane. A wall was built to
divide East and West Berlin.
BERLIN BLOCKADE
• Berlin Wall –
Prevented citizens
from East Berlin from
escaping to West
Berlin.
BERLIN BLOCKADE
• Berlin Airlift – The
United States sent
supplies to the
citizens of West
Berlin.
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
• (1962, Kennedy) - Fidel
Castro took over Cuba
and made it
Communist. The Soviet
Union began to put
Nuclear Missiles on
Cuba. John F. Kennedy
threatened war and
blockaded Cuba. The
Soviet Union took their
missiles off of Cuba.
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
• Cuban Missile Crisis – The U.S. was
concerned that nuclear missiles would be
stationed off the coast of Florida.
KOREAN WAR
• (1950-1953,
Eisenhower) - After
World War II the
Northern half of Korea
(North Korea) was
Communist and the
Southern half (South
Korea) was
Democratic.
KOREAN WAR
• The Chinese
backed North
Korea in invading
South Korea.
KOREAN WAR
• The United States
and United Nations
protected South
Korea and the
boarder did not
change.
KOREAN WAR
• South Korean territory
was recaptured and a
Demilitarized Zone
established between
North and South
Korea. This zone was
along the 38th parallel
(latitude).
KOREAN WAR
• DMZ – The several
mile zone between
North and South
Korea is completely
uninhabited.
VIETNAM WAR
• (1965-1975, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon)
- Communist rebels in South Vietnam
(the Viet Cong) wanted to make South
Vietnam Communist and reunite with
Communist North Vietnam. They
started fighting in 1955.
VIETNAM WAR
• The United States started sending troops to
protect South Vietnam. (President John
Kennedy)
• The Tonkin Gulf Resolution: Congress Voted
to give President Johnson authority to use the
military in Vietnam (President Lyndon
Johnson)
VIETNAM WAR
• Viet Cong – Communist rebels in
wanting to change the government in
South Vietnam.
• Ho Chi Minh - The Leader of Viet Cong.
• Tonkin Gulf Resolution – An Act of
Congress giving authority to LBJ to
attack North Vietnam.
VIETNAM WAR
• The Tet
Offensive: A
Series of
attacks on
South
Vietnam by
North
Vietnam.
VIETNAM WAR
• The United States
withdrew after gaining
no ground in 10
years. The North
immediately took over
South Vietnam,
making one
Communist Vietnam.
(President Richard
Nixon)
END OF THE COLD WAR
• The Soviet Union began to
collapse and the Government
began to give the people more
freedom. Soon they led a
revolution that ended the
Soviet Union and left Russia
and all the other nations it
controlled as independent
nations.
Mikhail Gorbachev
(1985-1991)
END OF THE COLD WAR
• GERMAN REUNIFICTION East and West Germany
became one country and the
Berlin Wall was torn down.
END OF THE COLD WAR