Transcript Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion

NCSCOS 9.04
Macro Concepts
Equality-the concept that
citizens should be treated the same
under the law.
Conflict-problem or troublesome
issue needing to be solved.
Identity-the characteristics of a
person or nation that helps
describe what makes him/it
unique.
Culture-the way of life and
behaviors of a group of people.
Diversity-characteristics that make
people different such as age,
gender, language and beliefs.
Micro Concepts
 Suffrage-the right of a citizen to
vote in elections.
 Segregation-the policy of
keeping people separate based
on gender or race in public
facilities.
 Fundamentalism-the strict, core
religious beliefs embraced by
people that affects the way they
behave in society.
 Gender-sex identity such as
male and female.
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After the Civil War the
K.K.K. [Ku Klux Klan] was
formed by Southern whites
angry over the federal
government’s reversal of
slavery.
The KKK was a white
supremacist group that used
terror to strike fear in the
hearts of Americans.
The KKK terrorized blacks
throughout the South and
Midwest.
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During the 1920s and 1930s Harlem, New York City became a majority black
neighborhood.
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Several artists [musicians and writers] became well known such as Langston
Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston and Duke Ellington.
Ellington was Jazz pianist and composer who gained world fame and
acceptance from whites.
Hurston had been a house maid and janitor but was later recognized for her
famous novel Their Eyes Were Watching God.
Hughes an openly gay man became a well known poet and transcend many of
the stereotypes of his day.
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The popularity and skill of these artists brought great attention and praise
to the Harlem, NYC community.
Race and Racial Conflicts
 In 1905 the NAACP [National Association for the Advancement of Colored People] was
established to fight for the legal rights and protections of black people in the United
States.
 Jim Crow laws limited the freedoms and opportunities of blacks and this organization
wrote articles and lobbied legislatures to rid the nation of institutional racism. Many
federal laws eventually passed that helped the condition of blacks in the United States.
 The well known black intellectual W.E.B. Du Bois, who was the first person to receive a
Ph. D from Harvard University, was a founding member of the group.
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An immigrant form Jamaica named Marcus
Garvey was trained as a printer in his
homeland and later traveled throughout
Latin America and worked for different
newspapers.
When he lived in New York City he became
a successful businessman and started the
Black Star Line in 1919 [black owned cruise
ship company] that lasted only 3 years
because of poor financial management and
F.B.I. sabotage.
He was well known for starting the Back to
Africa Movement that encouraged blacks to
unite and return to a more free Africa in
countries like Liberia.
He also created a group called the U.N.I.A.
[United Negro Improvement Association]
that encouraged blacks to become better
trained, better educated so they could be
self-sufficient.
Garvey was later convicted of mail fraud by
the federal government and deported to
Jamaica in 1927 where he later died.
1924 Native American Suffrage Act
 Voting rights were granted by the
federal government to Native
Americans in 1924.
 However, many states passed laws to
deny Native Americans suffrage.
 It wasn’t until 1948 that full suffrage
rights were granted to all Native
Americans.
 This law was very ironic because
many people believed the 15th
Amendment addressed the same
concerns as this law making it
redundant.
The Tragedy of Sacco and Vanzetti
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Two Italian immigrants who lived on Massachusetts were arrested for the armed robbery
and murder of two men.
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Bartolomeo Venzetti and Nicola Sacco were the suspects arrested. Both men were
admitted anarchists.
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Local police had long investigated anarchists and their anti-government activities and
arrested Sacco and Venzetti on May 5, 1920 both were armed with pistols.
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Tremendous existed doubts about the evidence against the 2 men but they were
convicted of all charges. All subsequent appeals went against the men [they lost].
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Sacco and Venzetti were executed on August 23, 1927 despite popular protests.
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Many, many people believed these men were persecuted solely for their beliefs and
because they were Italian immigrants not because of their actual guilt.
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In 1925 a high school biology teacher in Tennessee was encouraged to teach a
lesson on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution based on a chapter in the science
text book.
He was arrested for breaking the Butler Act which prohibited teaching evolution.
The law was an example of legislation based on religious fundamentalism.
Scopes took the charges to trial and he was “prosecuted” by former U.S. Senator
William Jennings Bryan. His defense attorney was famous lawyer Clarence
Darrow.
After lots of court room theatrics Scopes was convicted and fined $100.
This trial exposed many people’s religious and academic prejudices.
Controversial Religious Figures
 Former Major League Baseball
player Billy Sunday was the most
popular evangelist [someone who
travels and preaches] during the
1910s and 1920s.
 He preached Hellfire and
Damnation to crowds of
thousands of people throughout the
nation.
 He earned millions of dollars
preaching at a time when most
Americans were flat broke.
 The expansion of radio and its
programs decreased his popularity.
Aimee Semple McPherson
 Aimee Semple McPherson ne of the most popular female evangelists in
U.S. history.
 From California she founded the Four Square Church that focused on
the Rapture.
 Through radio programs McPherson warned people they needed to be
prepared for Jesus’ return.
Gender Controversies
 During the 1920s many women throughout the United States decided to
challenge established acceptable behaviors.
 Women who dressed in skimpy, short skirts revealing most of their legs
became known as Flappers. The term is related to prostitution.
 These women were often considered “slutty” because of their fashion
choices and loose attitudes about sex, smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Sanger was a devout Catholic
woman from New York state in
during the late 1800s and early
1900s.
She was an advocate of sex
education and birth control.
She was a founder of the
American Birth Control League
which sought to provide
women with information and
options for pregnancies.
She was met with extreme
opposition by the government
and religious fundamentalists.
She was always imperiled by
the strict Comstock Laws of
1873.
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http://www.bgsu.edu/studentlife/organizations/naacp/Images/DuBois_NAACP.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_DhwcCqGFPe4/TN2VZ87nQuI/AAAAAAAAAZo/dgb1E2d092U/s1600/kkk.jpg
http://www.manikmag.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/marcus_garvey.jpg
http://www.afropoets.net/langston25.jpg
http://sweetblackberry.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Zora-Neale-Hurston_s.jpg
http://www.allaboutjazz.com/media/large/a/4/0/65ec271297e71ee8e333736565ae6.jpg
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_t_scopes.jpg
http://honorsushistory.wikispaces.com/file/view/monkey_cartoon.jpg/47018887/monkey_cartoon.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qskaSRkns8A/TBw42CFKzHI/AAAAAAAAPn0/GbBmRgCSs6o/s320/darrow-bryan.jpg
http://www.slantmagazine.com/images/house/film/sacco.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Billy_Sunday_1921.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Billy_Sunday_1921.jpg
http://www.ecstudents.net/10spring/meredithwallace/images/flappers.jpg
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Save_Sacco_and_Vanzetti.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Preaching.jpg
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