Transcript It’s On - Valley View School District

Chapter 19
SECTION 1
Hook
 What does it mean to be neutral?
 Have you ever been neutral?
 Have you ever taken a stand?
 What conditions effected your choices?
The War to end all wars?
 WW I had been going on for quite some time before
the United States got involved
 In fact, 1914 the war started but it wasn’t until 1917
that the United States is directly involved
Just the facts mama, just the facts!
 Each country that got involved thought it would be
over quickly
 28 nations will be involved at the height of the war
 8 million will die in battle
What were the causes of the war?
 Direct Cause:
 The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in
Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia
Indirect Causes, the things that helped ignite
the fire!!!
 1.Germany and France were already sore at each
other because of a piece of land called Alsace
Lorraine locate between Germany and France rich in
coal
 http://www.jpmoser.com/little-images/francedirections-alsacelorraine.gif
 2.Austria-Hungary were having difficulties with
ethnic groups (you had Hungarians governing
Czechs, Slovaks and Poles all of which wanted their
own government)
 3. Imperialism, a scramble for colonies (Many
countries wanted more land and more resources)
 4. Militarism, the building of a countries army
during peace time
 5.. Nationalism, the strong belief in one’s country
and the rights of that country
 6. Alliances, or friendships. There had been secret
treatises amongst Germany and Austria and Russia
and France
Examples of Alliances
 An alliance is a friendship, an Entente is a friendly
understanding
 Triple Alliance- Austria, Germany and Italy
 Triple Entente- Great Britain, France and Russia
How could alliances upset the balance of
power?
 Nations would come each other’s aid if one was
attacked to aid in a nation’s security
 No longer a one on one war
 Balance? Tipped?
So back to the beginning…
 Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the heir to the
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throne of Austria-Hungary
Austria had control over Bosnia but many of the
Serbs inside the country wanted to be part of Serbia
Archduke and his wife Sophia were assassinated
visiting the province of Bosnia in the capital Sarajevo
Assassinated by Princip, of course a Serbian terrorist
Austria thought Serbia put him up to it and wanted
revenge
After the assassination
 Austria made a list of unreasonable demands for
Serbia to meet or else….
 Serbia refuses and Austria declares war
Recognize and mobilize, yeah dog!
 The declaration of war set off a chain reaction
throughout Europe
 Every country began to mobilize or ready their
troops for war
 Russia went first to protect Serbia, then went
Germany for Austria and then went France for Serbia
and so on and so forth
Prior to the war: (secret alliances)
-Triple Alliances were Austria-Hungary, Germany
and at the beginning Italy
-Triple Entente were Great Britain, France and
Russia
The Chain Reaction
Austria
Serbia
The strategy……dun dun dun
 Germany declared war on Russia and France
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declared war on them so they would have to fight
………………..A TWO FRONT WAR!!!!!!!!!
http://www.yourchildlearns.com/europe_map.htm
The Schlieffen Plan was an attempt for Germany to
wipe out France before focusing on Russia
It called for a few quick knocks on France
They would go through Belgium to do this
What’s your problem man?????
 Great Britain was angry because Belgium was a
neutral country
 Now Britain will get involved
 The war divided Europe in half
The Chain Reaction
Austria
Serbia
Now the war is on, who fought???
 Central Powers, were Germany and Austria and late
the Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
 Allies were Russia, Serbia, Great Britain and Later
the US
The battle begins
 The way to fight was with trenches
 Troops went back and forth firing at each other
 Whack a mole!!!!
 Stalemate was created which is a situation in which
neither side is able to gain advantage
Let’s live in a trench
 Conditions were deplorable
 Filthy and muddy which caused trench foot
 Disease would spread
 Rodents and lice
Section 2
What should we do???
 America heard about what had been going on in
Europe
 However, we did not want to get involved
 We were sympathetic but remained neutral
I am Kaiser…hear me roar!!
 Kaiser Wilhelm was the emperor of Germany
 He offended people living in democratic countries
because of the way he treated his people
 He killed civilians, destroyed libraries and cathedrals
etc.
Extra Extra read all about it!!!
 Many Americans heard about the war through
British propaganda
 Information intended to sway public opinion and it
spread throughout the United States
War……its good for us!
 America was the provider of many goods for almost
all of Europe
 Our economy jumped from 700 million to 3.5 billion
 BOOM BOOM BOOM
We will not fight!
 To protect our profit we refused to get involved in
war
 Many people felt this was selfish because our allies
were losing a war
 National Security League- was set up to promote
patriotic education and ultimately will cause the U.S.
to get prepared for war
Do you smell what I smell???
 Gas was a new weapon in WW I
 The French were actually the first to use it but……
 Chlorine Gas- used a lot by the Germans
 Destroyed your respiratory organs
 Led to slow death by asphyxiation from coughing
What is the weather Joe?
 Weather played a large part in using gas
 Wind played a role and the British and French
learned fast
 Rain
Here it comes…what do we do??
 Early methods of avoiding gas ingestion were gross!
 Urine??? YUK! WHY?
 Bicarbonate soda
 Later gas masks but sometimes ineffective
Mustard…the other Gas
 Mustard gas was first used by Germans
 It was odorless
 Took 12 hours to take effect
 Skin would blister
 Vomit
 External bleeding
 Attacked mucous membrane
 Most soldiers strapped to their bed
 Once in soil remained active for weeks
I feel itchy so itchy I feel itchy and scratchy
and gross!!!
 Not your average lice
 These buggers laid eggs in clothes and reacted to the
body heat
 Left blotchy red marks
 Created a stale sour smell
 Caused trench fever
Wilson wins again!!
 Wilson ran the idea that we were still not in war
 In fact his slogan for the campaign was, “He kept us
out of war!”
The first attack
 Germany utilized a strategy called USW or
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
 Surprise attacks and many thought it was uncivilized
 1915, May 7th the Lusitania was bombed using USW
 1,200 passengers were the boat and 128 were
Americans
Slap on the hand!!
 The U.S. was appalled
 Wilson demanded that USW end now
 Required financial payments to the victims families
 Germany refused stating that the U.S. was warned
not to send people over in boats
 They later agreed they will warn ships first before
firing
Next straw…not breaking the camels back!!!
 U boats attacked the Sussex, a French passenger
steamship
 2 Americans
 Germany made the Sussex Pledge, which stated that
Germany would warn ships before attacking
 Sound familiar????
 U.S. neutrality is weakening!!!
OOPS I did it again!!!
 Germany gets tired of the warning before attack
 They will test U.S. patience when they inform us that
they will resume unrestricted submarine warfare
Take a stand man!!!!!
 United States will respond by breaking off diplomatic
ties with Germany
 They will begin to arm their merchant ships
 They will start giving large loans to the allies
No YOU DIDN’T!!!!!!
 Zimmerman, Germany’s Foreign Minister will make
an early attempt to take the United States down
 Sends a telegram to Mexico asking them to declare
war on the United States and when they win they will
give them back……………………?
Interception
 They will give back Texas, New Mexico and Arizona
 The note was intercepted by British Intelligence
 The United States still does not get involved in
war!!!!
Mother RUSSIA
 by 1917 Russia had already lost 1.5 million and 2.5
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million were being held prisoner
Revolutionaries overthrew Czar Nicholas II
He was an autocrat, or someone who rules with
unlimited power
Communism took hold of the country led by Lenin
and his Bolsheviks
They decide to pull Russia out of war
Why is this bad for the Allies????
FINALLY, we will have revenge!!!!
 Between the days of March 16 thru 18 Germany sank
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3 clearly identifiable U.S. ships
City of Memphis
Vigilancia
Illinois
Wilson asked for a declaration of war to “make the
world safe for democracy.”
Congress declares war on April 6, 1917
It’s On
THE UNITED STATES ENTERS WAR
Re Visit the Beginning
 What impact did the assassination of Archduke have
on the United States?
 What is the significance of these dates: 1914-1918?
 Did the sinking of the Lusitania cause the United
States to enter the war?
ARE YOU READY TO RUMBLE?
 WE DECLARED WAR IN 1917
 READY IN SPIRIT BUT NOT IN MAN POWER
 LESS THAN 100,000 MEN IN UNIFORM
 OUTRANKED IN SIZE BY 16 OTHER COUNTRIES
WHAT DO WE DO?
 BECAUSE WE WERE NOT READY WITH MEN WE
SENT OVER $
 OVER 3 BILLION DOLLARS
 ALLIES SAY THANKS BUT INSIST THEY NEED
TROOPS
THE MAN OF THE HOUR
 PERSHING WILL TAKE ON THE FIRST TASK
 HE WAS A VETRAN FROM THE SPANISH-
AMERICAN WAR
 SENT OVER TO EUROPE WITH 14,500 MEN TO
BOOST THE MORALE OF THE ALLIES
 REALIZED HOW BAD IT WAS
 RECOMMENDED 1 MILLION TROUPS
DO YOUR PATRIOTIC DUTY
 1917 THE US WILL PASS THE SELECTIVE
SERVICE ACT
 AUTHORIZED THE DRAFT OF YOUNG MEN
 IT WAS ACCEPTED BECAUSE PEOPLE THOUGHT
IT WAS THE WAR TO END ALL OTHER WARS
 BY 1918 MORE THAN 24 MILLION MEN
REGISTERED FOR THE DRAFT
 3 MILLION WOULD BE LOTTERIED
SO WHO WAS DRAFTED
 AMERICAN EXPIDITIONARY FORCE- INCLUDED
ALL THE DRAFTEES, NATIONAL GUARSDMEN
AND WOMEN
 WOMEN? WHAT COULD THEY DO??
 MORE THAN 25,000 WOMEN WILL SERVE AS
NURSES, DRIVERS AND CLERKS
WE MUST TRAIN LIKE MEN, BUT HOW?
 WW I WAS THE FIRST TIME TROOPS WERE UP
AGAINST GAS AND AUTOMATIC WEAPONS
 THEY LEARNED TO USE A BAYONET, RIFLE, DIG
A TRENCH AND PUT ON A GAS MASK
 SUPPOSE TO TRAIN FOR SEVERAL MONTHS
 MOST GOT SENT EARLY
SO HOW DID WE GET THERE??
 BECAUSE OF USW WE HAD TO BE CAREFUL
TRAVELING OVERSEAS
 GERMANY HAD DESTROYED 400 SHIPS
 WE STARTED TRAVELING IN A CONVOY SYSTEM
 IT WAS A GROUP OF UNARMED SHIPS
SURROUNDED BY A RING OF DESTROYERS,
TORPEDO BOATS, AND OTHER NAVAL VESSELS
ARMED WITH HYDROPHONES
 CASUALITIES WERE CUT IN HALF
DOUGHBOY
 THE NICKNAME GIVEN TO THE AMERICAN
TROOPS
 THOUGHT TO BE NAMED AFTER THE
UNIFOMRS
 CIVIL WAR UNIFORMS HAD BIG BUTTONS ON
THE JACKET OR THE BELT WAS WHITE
 http://www.aef-doughboys.com/photographs.html
THE MAN OF THE HOUR AGAIN
 PERSHING HAD A PROBLEM
 HE WANTED TO KEEP US TROOPS AWAY FROM
THE ALLIES
 HE WANTED TO REMAIN HEALTHY AND ON
THE OFFENSIVE NOT THE DEFENSIVE
WHO WERE THE SOLDIERS?
 MOST TROOPS ON THE FRONT LINES WERE
WHITE
 BLACKS SERVED IN SEPARATE UNITS AND
MOST NEVER SAW COMBAT
 MARINES REFUSED BLACK ENTRY
 ARMY AND NAVY USED THEM FOR MANUAL
LABOR
HARLEM HELL FIGHTERS
 MANY AFRICAN AMERICANS WANTED TO
FIGHT WITH PRIDE
 SOME VOLUNTEERED FOR THE FRENCH WHO
DID NOT PRACTICE RACISM
SO WHAT ABOUT RUUUUSIIIA?
 LENIN LED HIS ARMY OF MEN CALLED THE
BOLSHEVIKS
 HE LEAD THEM OUT OF WAR AND SIGNED A
TRUCE WITH GERMANY IN DECEMBER
 GERMANY WOULD GAIN LAND AND THEY
WOULD NO LONGER BE FIGHTING A TWO
FRONT WAR
 MONEY FOR BAD GUYS BUT TERRIBLE FOR
ALLIES
GERMANY IS SLY AS A FOX
 GERMANY KNEW THE US WAS COMING
 THEY DECIDED TO MAKE ONE FINAL ATTACK
ON THE BRITISH BEFORE THE US COULD
ENFORCE
 THEY AIMED TO CAPTURE PARIS
THE BATTLE
 THE BATTLE OF CHATEAU-THIERRY WAS A
MAJOR BATTLE FOUGHT BY THE US, ALLIES
AND GERMANY
 THE US IS ABLE TO SWOOP IN THE NICK OF
TIME AND SAVE PARIS
 NOW THE US WILL RUN THE WAR
 THE KEY WEAPON IN THE WAR WAS THE TANK
SECTION 3
CHAPTER 19
THE WAR TURNS AROUND
 IT IS NO SECRET THAT THE US TURNED THE
WAR AROUND WITH OUR INVOLVEMENT
 THINGS WERE MUCH DIFFERENT THAN THEY
ARE TODAY
 THERE WERE ONLY 55 PLANES FOR THE US
WHEN THEY ENTERED WAR AND THEY WERE
PRIMITIVE
 MADE OF WOOD AND COVERED IN CLOTH
WITH OPEN AIR COCK-PITS
WHO’S AN ACE?
 AN ACE PILOT WAS THE NICKNAME GIVEN TO A
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PILOT WHO ENGAGED IN DOG FIGTHING
THEY BOASTED SHOOTING DOWN PLANES
TO BE AN ACE YOU NEEDED TO HAVE SHOT
DOWN A CERTAIN NUMBER
GERMANS USED ZEPPELINS, WHICH WERE
FLOATING AIRSHIPS USED FOR SPYING AND
OBSERVATION
http://www.jrroseenterprises.com/myweb/plane_pa
ges/wwi_airplanes.htm
http://www.earlyaviator.com/archive1.htm
The War Ends, But Slowly!!!
 Even with US involvement WW I ended slowly
 The United States demanded total surrender from
the Germans even before peace talks
 There were so many countries involved that it took a
long time for everyone to agree on peace
Oh where oh were is Kaiser Wilhelm?
 The Kaiser refused surrender even as he watched all
his soldiers dying
 The soldiers took it upon themselves to end the war
with a mutiny
 The Kaiser will flee to Holland
 On November 11th, 1918 a new government of
Germany will sign an armistice, six hours later the
guns will fall
A new type of weapon!!
 Deadlier than the tanks and gas used in WW I was a
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strain of influenza brought over by the United States
It disabled 500,000 troops
The 2nd and 3rd strains were even deadlier
Average of 100 people dying a day
Grave diggers could not dig fast enough
Results of WW I
 Physical and mental scars
 50,000 Americans died
 More will die of disease
 Death toll for Europe was 8 million, estimate 5,000 a
day
 It will topple empires in Germany, Austria, Russia
 New nations will be formed from defeated nations
Death Toll
 50,000 Americans
 1 million French
 900,000 British
 2 million Russian
 Civilians suffered as well as soldiers
 20 million civilians will die of starvation and disease
Ottoman Empire
 Will inflict a genocide
 An organized killing of entire people
 Against Armenians who were considered disloyal
 Hundreds of thousands were deported and murdered
Section 4
FORD FORD FORD FORD
 Henry Ford hated the idea of war
 At the beginning of the war he said he would burn
down his factory before he would produce war goods
 2 years later he will be mass producing tanks and
tractors
Our Economy
 War is expensive and the United States was not
ready for the financial responsibility
 To raise money, they borrowed money from the
public through Liberty bonds
 Special war bonds to support the war
 People took them and would redeem their regular
cost later with interest
How did they entice Americans
 Used Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts
 “every scout to save a soldier”
 20 minute skits before a movie about patriotism
 War Industries Board, government converted
industries from peace time to war time production
 Told industries what to make and how much to make
 They fixed prices on some things
 Government regulated food and fuel with
organizations that dealt with distribution and
rationing
 Lever food and fuel control act- gave the President
the power to manage the production and
distribution of food and fuel vital to the war effort
 Price Controls, the government had the power to
inflict prices on everything for the war effort
 Rationing, distributing goods to consumers in a fixed
amount
Tried not to force the issue
 Hoover, even with the power to do so did not use the
power of price controls and rationing often
 Instead he hopes that people will voluntarily restrain
from overindulging
 Day Light Savings Time, was started in WW I
 Why?
No Freedom
 The press underwent censorship
 People were arrested for talking about the war in a
negative way
 100% Americanism, the United States was afraid of
spies so they passed literacy tests for immigrants,
there were native feelings
 Hate the Hun, was the saying for hating the
Germans, we stopped teaching German, German
books disappeared, renamed the burger and dog
I SPY>>>>?>
 Many people in the United States were afraid of spies
 Espionage Act made it illegal to interfere with the
draft
 It was amended in 1918 to the Sedition Act, which
made it illegal to obstruct in the sale of Liberty
Bonds or discuss the United States in a negative way
 Many felt it violated the 1st amendment
Those who disagree
 Many socialist felt that the war was simply
imperialist country fighting for land and power
 IWW- Industrial Workers of the World was a labor
group that wanted to overthrow capitalism
 Vigilantes, people who took the law into their own
hands
Social changes
Section 5
The war has ended…..for Europe!!
 Wilson will propose the Fourteen Points
 End secret treatises, a key cause of war
 Remove trade barriers among nations
 Reduction of military forces
Let us decide our own fate!!
 Austria’s ethnic groups and Wilson called for self-
determination, the power to make decisions for
oneself about their future
 Many agreed with Wilson’s plans for peace however,
the almighty dollar was desired
 Many of the allies wanted land, money, etc. not just
peace
Spoiled or Spoils?
 Wilson was embarrassed by the Allies response
 Wilson stated that he did not want the spoils of war
 In other words he did not want the rewards of
winning a war
 He just wanted a permanent peace agency
League of Nations
 Wilson’s idea
 An organization where nations of the world would
join together to ensure safety for ALL members
 Needed to be okayed by the Senate
 When brought to Senate it was voted down based on
Article 10, which stated members of the League of
Nations would view an attack on one as an attack on
all
So many wanted justice…
 Many of the Allies wanted to see the enemy buried
 Clemenceau was the French Premier
 He knew the League of Nations was weak and people
wanted more
 He demands huge penalties to Germany
 Loss of land
 Embarrassment
Not a good idea
 Wilson knew it wasn’t right
 His biggest defeat was giving into the demands of the
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other allies and going along with punishment
They crippled Germany
Made them financially responsible for the war
$33 billion
Germany never forgave the allies
 Reparations, payment made for economic injury
suffered in war
The end of all ends???
 Treaty of Versailles, was the official end of the war
for Europe
 Forced Germany to pay 33 billion in reparations
 Gave back land
 The United States did not sign the Treaty but instead
ended the declared the war over on their own
 Afraid of being involved
Postwar America
 The United States became the largest creditor
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throughout the world
Europe owed us 11.5 billion
Women left their jobs and/or were fired to give men
back the work
African Americans were still discriminated against
116,000 soldiers killed