Transcript Chapter 13 Section 3 A Global Conflict

Chapter 13 Section 3
A Global Conflict
Objective: Summarize the
spread of the conflict, the
Allies’ push to victory, & the
effects of the war
Vocabulary: Unrestricted submarine
warfare, Total War, Rationing,
Propaganda, & Armistice
Setting the Stage
• World War I was much
more than a European
conflict
• Japan & Australia entered
the war on the Allies side
• Ottoman Empire allied
themselves with the Central
Power
• The Great Powers looks
for other allies around
the world to tip the
balance in their favor
War Affects the World
• The Allies came up with a strategy
to attack the Dardanelles in the
Ottoman Empire
• The Gallipoli Campaign sought
to take over Constantinople &
establish a supply line to
Russia
• The Germans & Turks vigorously
defended the region
• Gallipoli turned into another bloody
stalemate & dug trenches
• The Allies gave up the
campaign & began to evacuate
Battles in Africa & Asia
• Japanese overran German
outposts in China
• English & French troops
attacked Germany’s four African
possessions, seizing control of 3
• British & French recruited
subjects in their colonies to
fight in the struggle
• Gandhi supported India’s
participation in World War I,
hoping this would gain their
independence
America Joins the Fight
• In January 1917, the Germans
announced they would sink any ship
around Britain without warning
• Unrestricted submarine warfare
– use of submarines to sink
without warning any ship found
in enemy’s waters
• Germany had already tried the policy
by sinking the passenger ship the
Lusitania (killing 1198 including 128
US citizens)
• The Germans claimed it was carrying
ammunition which was true
• Despite warning from President
Wilson, the Germans sank 3
American ships
America Joins the Fight
• February 1917, Officials intercepted a
telegram from Arthur Zimmermann
• The Zimmermann note stated
that Germany would help
Mexico “reconquer” lost land to
the United States if they would
ally itself with Germany
• America’s economic ties with the
Allies were stronger than those with
the Central Powers
• April 2, 1917 – President Wilson
asked Congress to declare war
on Germany, entering the war
on the side of the Allies
War Affects the Home Front
• Europe had lost more
men in battle than in all
the wars of the previous
3 centuries
• The war had claimed the
lives of millions &
changed countless lives
forever
• The Great War
affected not only
soldiers but civilians
as well
Governments Wage Total War
• Total War – a conflict in which
the participating countries devote
all their resources to the war
effort
• Government took control of the
economy, telling factories what to
produce & how much
• Every able-bodied civilian was put to
work
• Rationing – limiting amount of
goods people can by, imposed by
government during wartime
• Leaders believed that “real” reporting
of the war would turn people against it
• Propaganda – material spread to
advance a cause or damage an
opponent’s cause
Women & the War
• Women began to
replace men in
factories, offices, &
shops
• Women built tanks,
paved streets, & ran
hospitals
• Although they only
worked during the war,
it changed the mindset
of what women were
capable of
The Allies Win the War
• In March 1917, civil unrest
in Russia, forced Czar
Nicholas to step down
• War-weary Russia refused to
fight any longer after 5.5
million were either wounded,
killed, or taken prisoner
• In November 1917, Lenin sized
power implementing a
communist government
• Germany & Russia signed
the Treaty of BrestLitovsk, ending the war
between them
The Central Powers Collapse
• In March 1918, Germany launched an all
over final attack on the Western Front
• Victory was within reach for Germany
• 140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a
counterattack to save Paris
• With the arrival of 2 million
American troops, the Allied forces
began to advance toward Germany
• November 9, 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II
stepped down & Germany became a
republic
• Armistice – agreement to stop
fighting
• November 11, 1918, World War I
came to an end
The Legacy of the War
• 8.5 million soldiers died
as a result of the War
• It also led to the death of
countless civilians
• The Great War
devastated the economies
of European countries
• The total cost was closer to
338 billion
• It also left a deep mark on
Western society