Transcript Mobilizing for War - Mr. Nichol's History Hotline

Mobilizing for
War
Chapter 23 Section 4
The Main Idea
The outbreak of World War
II spurred the mobilization
of American military and
industrial might.
How
did
the
US
armed
forces
mobilize
to
U.S. Armed Forces Mobilize
fight WWII?
 Once the United States entered the war, it had to
mobilize,draft:
or bringWomen’s
its forces intoArmy
readiness.
Military
Corps;
 In 1940
the government
had begun to increase
new
military
bases
military spending.
– This
end get
the Great
Depression.and
How
didhelped
the US
the soldiers
– Thousands found work in factories, making
sailors
needed to fight in the war?
supplies for the military.
 Army
Chief of Staff,
General
George
C. Marshall
1940
expanded
draft;
many
young
men
led the mobilization effort.
volunteered.
 In addition to equipment and supplies, the United
States needed soldiers.
 American women filled a variety of vital roles in the
military.
 New military bases were needed to train and house
soldiers.
Finding Soldiers
 The government expanded the
draft, which had been reinstated in
1940.
 Millions of young men volunteered.
 Some 16 million Americans
entered the armed forces.
How did WAVES help the war effort?
Women
By doing clerical work, thus freeing
 10,000
joined the WAVES, a navy
men
for battle.
program.
How do you think increased military
 1,000 joined the WASPs, an air force
spending
during 1940-1941 contributed to
program.
ending
the Great
 150,000
servedDepression?
in the WAC, an army
New
jobs in the defense industry and in
program.
military;
pumped
 Ovetamoney
Culp Hobby
ledinto
theeconomy
WACs; she
was a of
colonel.
because
increased government
spending.
Military Bases
Why did the military need so many new
bases?
 Most bases were built in rural
To areas.
house and train millions of new
 The military
military
troops. bases transformed
parts
the United
States.
How
did of
military
bases help
transform the
 California,
southern
US? Florida, and Texas
became
home
to
large
numbers
of
Rural areas grew with the influx of young
soldiers.
people; economic development.
American Industry and
Science in World War II
 Troops needed proper equipment to fight
What
was
a
Liberty
Ship?
World War II.
Factories that
produced
consumer
goods were
A –quickly
built
cargo
ship
built
in
converted to the production of military supplies.
Henry
Kaiser’s
factories
using
– Roosevelt
called for
the production
of new planes
and tanks.
assembly-line
techniques.
 War supplies had to be shipped overseas.
Can
anyone name
something
else Kaiser
– Submarines
took a terrible
toll on American
shipping.
built
before
the
War?
– American shipyards turned out thousands of new
vessels to replace those lost during the war.
– Henry Kaiser build the so-called liberty ships
using assembly-line techniques.
Cars
World War II Advance in Medicine and
American
Industry
and
Technology
WhatScience
role did American
industry
in World
Warand
II
During
Advances
in medicine
scienceWWII
play in
mobilizing
to fightand
WWII?
 Wartime helped
agencies
regulated
what blood
factories
technology
save
lives. New
produced,methods
what prices
they for
could
charge,
transfusion
allowed
stored
blood
Factories
to produce
war supplies;
and howbegan
the nation’s
raw materials
could be
to be
used to stabilize wounded soldiers at the
used.
scientists
worked
to
develop
new
front
lines until
they could
bethe
evacuated
to
 Producing
supplies
to fight
war required
weapons,
including
atomic bomb.
hospitals.
In
addition, the
the development
of
many workers.
helicopters
 Government
withspending
air evacuation
during equipment
the war
created
new jobs.
allowed
formillions
quickeroftransportation
of wounded
 Technology
played
an important role in
soldiers
from the
battlefield.
World War II.
Mobilizing Industry and
Science
Why do you
think
the
character of
Rosie
the
Riveter
Rosie
the Riveter
so important?
 Factories
neededwas
workers
at the same
time men were leaving to join the
Showed
that
women
could
do
jobs
armed forces.
previously
held the
onlyproblem.
by men.Millions
 Women solved
began to work outside the home in
industrial jobs.
 Working women of the war were
represented by the symbolic figure
known as Rosie the Riveter.
Labor in WWII
 Many workers joined labor unions
and the government was
concerned about strikes.
 The National War Labor Board was
established in 1941 to help settle
labor disputes.
 The Smith-Connally Act passed in
1943.
Mobilizing Science
Why was the Manhattan Project the most
 The Manhattan
Project
began
important
science project
of the war?
top-secret
to to
build
Thea US
wanted tomission
be the first
buildanan
atomic
bomb.
atomic
bomb.
 Physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer
and other American scientists
raced to develop this weapon
ahead of the Germans.
Freedom at Home
African Americans
Challenges
for Hispanic
in theAmericans
military
workforce
•Demand
•Hundreds
•Found
jobs
for
ofinfarm
thousands
factories
labor that
led
served
to
had
the
during
been
World WarProgram,
unavailable
II.
to them before
the war
Bracero
which gave
Mexican
workers the chance to work in the United
•Still
•Theyfaced
brokediscrimination
down barriers that had long
States.
blocked their way.
•A. Philip Randolph called for a march
•Tension over the increasing numbers of
•They
on
Washington
continuedtotoprotest
face discrimination
their unfair
Hispanic workers led to the zoot suit
(ex. Segregated units).
treatment
riots in June 1943.