Transcript Your questions…

Your questions…
1.
Salutary neglect= period of time (on and off through 1600 and 1700s) when the British
were involved in wars and could not effectively enforce the Navigation Acts; officially
ends when the French/Indian War is over…colonials then resent British control and
ensuing taxation
2.
The House of Burgesses (1619)= first legislative assembly in the British North American
colonies; sets precedent of legislative bodies; was in Jamestown, Virginia
3.
Pueblo Revolt= Pueblo Indians of New Mexico who revolted against Spanish in
1680…Spanish eventually regain control in 1692; rebellion was led by Pope who
ordered the eradication of any characteristics of the Catholic Church which had been
imposed on the natives. He also penalized Spanish language use and discouraged
surnames – and even preached against using the plow, a Spanish tool.
4.
Pope’s Rebellion= see above
5.
Enlightenment (1700s)= intellectual movement in Europe (influenced Americans too);
stressed human reason in solving society’s problems; major thinker was John Locke
(1600s) who stressed natural rights and sovereignty resides with the people not
government
6. Encomienda= natives worked for Spanish (basically forced labor)
7. Articles of Confederation…other revolutionary docs= first government to govern the colonies
(ratified in 1781); limited power to federal government—more power to states… “Common Sense,”
Declaration of Independence; John Locke’s “Two Treatises of Government”
8. Federalists (and what they wanted)= the party? Or those who were part of the ratification
debate?
9. Hamilton’s Financial Plan= assumption, funding at par, increased tariffs, whiskey tax, National
Bank
10. Revolution of 1800= peaceful overturn of power from Federalist Adams who lost election to
Democratic-Republican Jefferson (first time a party lost out in U.S. history…today it’s just accepted
and no big deal)
11. Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810/Madison)= when the Embargo did not work, this bill offered to restore
trade with Britain and France. However, if either one agreed to respect U.S. neutral rights at sea, the
U.S. would prohibit trade with that nation’s foe.
12. Internal improvements= refers to using tariff income (federal income) for internal improvements
like roads, canals, etc…states rights advocates did not like this idea; part of American System under
Madison and the Era of Good Feeling…became a part of the Whig party platform later in history
13. Era of Good Feeling= time after the War of 1812 where only one political party existed—the
Democratic Republicans (sometimes called Republicans)…Federalist party had died out (recall
Hartford Convention); Also nationalism arose temporarily…national themes in art, literature,
architecture; Ends by 1824 election when Jackson lost to John Q. Adams.
14. Buzz words for 1800s= the whole century?? Take a look at the time lines at the start of each
chapter in your Barron’s book
15. Perfectionism= due to the new liberal movements and religious fervor, many Americans
believed that perfection was attainable. Therefore, a series of movements took place to perfect
society, such as prison reform, temperance, etc. This also leads to utopia movements (all of this is
antebellum era)
16. 54-40 or Fight= slogan of those wanting to take all of Oregon; numbers (54 40') was line of
latitude where people wanted Oregon border; did not want compromise of 49th parallel, as was done by
President Polk.
17. Free Soilers and Whigs= The first one developed in the late 1840s after the Mexican American War; The
party specifically did not want to see slavery spread to the new territories; The Whigs grew out of hatred for
Jackson after the 1828 election—the party officially wanted internal improvements, a national bank, and
high tariffs.
18. What led to the Hudson River Paintings?= 1825 to 1875…a group of artists who had the same ideas as far as
landscape paintings. The artists' works were of scenery such as the Hudson River Valley, the Catskills, and
the White Mountains reflecting on the wilderness and the theme of discovery, exploration, and settlement
(which reflects American—not European landscapes)
19. Gag Rule= passed in the 1830s and specifically forbid Congress from addressing anti-slavery petitions;
demonstrates the nation’s attempt to avoid the growing abolition movement and issue of slavery
20. Frontier Thesis= Frederick Jackson Turner said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there
was new land to move into. The American frontier was the line of most rapid "americanization" and the
place where democracy flourished. He also concluded that the "American frontier" had closed by the 1890s.
.
21 Sharecropping versus tenant farming= both sharecroppers and tenant farmers work the land but do not own it;
sharecroppers pay the land owner in crops while tenant farmers pay rent to owner
22. Exodusters= Name given to African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880 because
of racial oppression and rumors that slavery would start up again.
23. What did the Populists want? (Coinage?)= coinage refers to placing metallic money into the economy (Populists wanted
coinage of silver which creates more means to purchase goods and thereby brings inflation—something the Populists
desired)…Populists also wanted: direct election of senators, government ownership of railroads, more regulation of big
business, eight work day and limits on immigration (note these two were to attract workers to the party), graduated income
tax/lower tariffs
24. Spanish-American War= 1899; caused by unfair treatment of Cubans by the Spanish, yellow journalism, explosion aboard
the USS Maine, DeLome letter
25. Philippine Insurrection= armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the United States which arose
from the struggle of the First Philippine Republic to gain independence following annexation by the United States (18991902)…sometimes called the forgotten war or the American-Philippines War
26. Espionage Act= passed during WWI and aimed at anyone who spoke out against the war, draft, etc. Could be fined or put
in jail—some socialists like Eugene Debs were arrested
27. Suez Canal Crisis= Arab nationalist General Gamal Nasser precipitated this intl crisis in July 1956 by seizing and
nationalizing the British and French owned Suez Canal. France, GB, and Israel wage war against him but the U.S. urges a
settlement…don’t want to push Nasser further into arms of Soviets
. Vietnam War causes= U.S. wanted to keep South Vietnam free of communist
influence and got involved in what was essentially a civil war between North
Vietnam and South Vietnam; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed Johnson to send in
ground troops with no official war declaration
28
29. Bay of Pigs=The Bay of Pigs was an American attempt to overthrow the newly
established communist government in Cuba by training and sending Cuban rebels.
The coup ended up in a disaster due to the lack of support by the Americans (under
Kennedy but the training began under Ike). The incident was an embarrassment for
the U.S. and ultimately led to Castro pleading for Soviet aid (Cuban Missile Crisis)
30. CIO= The new union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers
with the help of the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board (1930s)
31. Détente= relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major
Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China…associated mostly with Nixon
32. OPEC= Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; international cartel that
inflates price of oil by limiting supply; Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and UAE are
prominent members…in the 1970s OPEC limited oil sales to America because the
Arab nations were angry at America for siding with Israel in recent Israeli wars
33. Main
things of 1980s?= election of Reagan, release of Iran hostages; reaganomics (supply side or
trickle down); attempted assassination of Reagan; Reagan’s famous Berlin Wall speech; several
summits with the Soviets; Reagan’s “Star Wars” plan strategic defense initiative; Iran-Contra
Scandal
34. Contextualization versus Synthesis…see last slides
35. Paris Treaties…you need to know the one in 1763 which ended French and Indian War; the 1783
one which ended the American Revolution; and the 1899 one which ended the Spanish-American
War
36. Free Trade Agreements= eliminate barriers to trade like protective tariffs…the most recent
famous one is NAFTA (North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement)
• 37. Phyllis Schlafly =A conservative female political activist (1970s). She stopped the ERA from
being passed, seeing that it would hinder women more than it would help them…pushed for
traditional role for women
versus Gloria Steinem= an American feminist icon, journalist (Ms Magazine), and social and
political activist. Rising to national prominence in the 1970s, she became a leading political leader
of the decade, and one of the most important heads of the second-wave of the women's rights
movement.
38. Rubrics again…
Rubrics
• DBQ = 7 points
• Hit: Thesis, Synthesis, Contextualization
• Use all docs or all docs but one…PHIA them!!! DON’T EXPLAIN THEM.
USE THEM TO SUPPORT YOUR ARGUMENTS
• Have outside evidence to support your arguments
Rubrics continued…
• Long Essay= 6 points
• Hit thesis, synthesis, clear linkage
• Have outside evidence
Synthesis
• There are several ways of getting the Synthesis Point in the LE or the DBQ.
For the DBQ it can involve the following:
1. Extending or modifying the thesis or argument
2. Recognizing and accounting for contradictory evidence in crafting a
coherent argument
3. Connecting the topic to other historical periods, geographical areas,
contexts, or circumstances.
• For the LE it can involve the following:
1. Extending or modifying the thesis or argument
2. Connecting the topic to other historical periods, geographical areas,
contexts, or circumstances
• Example: A question that asks about power between states and
federal government in forming the Constitution—late 1780s
Synthesis= Debate over federal power in the nullification crisis of the
Jackson era, the secession of southern states prior to the Civil War
Contextualization
• Contextualization is achieved by connecting arguments to the
BROADER historical period
Example: A question that asks about power between states and federal
government in forming the Constitution—late 1780s
Contextualization= Discuss the influence of Enlightenment thinkers like
John Locke that believed the people give government the right to rule