Transcript The New Republic Begins (Chp. 9)

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The
New Republic
Begins
Chapter 9, Section 1 - Objectives
• Describe the Federal District.
• Describe how Alexander Hamilton
planned to strengthen the nation’s
economy.
• Explain how George Washington’s
actions set an example (precedent)
for future Presidents.
• District of Columbia – District, not a
state, located on the Potomac River,
opposite Virginia, and surrounded
by Maryland. The home of the
federal government of the
United States.
• Pierre-Charles L'Enfant competed with
others, including Thomas Jefferson.
L’Enfant’s 1791 plan for the District of
Columbia won.
Jefferson’s Plan
L’Enfant’s
Winning Plan
Design for the Capitol
• Benjamin
Bannaker African American
mathematician
and astronomer
who helped to
survey the Federal
District.
Bank of the United States
• a national bank wherein the national
government deposited the money it collected
in taxes, and the bank, in turn, issued paper
money.
• George Washington proposed a tax on
whiskey to help pay for the
Revolutionary War.
• Rum was the drink of the Tidewater and coastal
Americans; while whiskey, since it could be made
from corn, was the drink of frontier Americans.
The Whiskey Rebellion –
• Farmers who raised corn and sold it as
whiskey marched and protested the federal
government’s tax on whiskey. President
Washington called out 15,000 troops to
show the farmers that violence would
not be tolerated. This was a critical test of
the new federal government.
• If Washington had not taken strong action to
put down the Whiskey Rebellion, other
Americans would defy the government.
• President Jefferson would later repeal
the whiskey tax.
• Since there had never
been an American
President, almost
everything that
Washington did was a
precedent (for
example) for future
presidents!
Some people even
wanted to use the title,
His Excellency, the
President of the United
States!
New York’s Federal Hall where George
Washington was inaugurated.
His inauguration set a precedent for
other presidents to follow.
Washington established a cabinet
(group of advisors).
• President
Washington,
Secretary of War
Henry Knox,
Secretary of the
Treasury
Alexander
Hamilton,
Secretary of State
Thomas Jefferson,
and Attorney
General Edmund
Randolph
Presidential Vocabulary
• inauguration – ceremony at which the
President officially takes the oath of office.
• precedent – act or decision that sets an
example for others to follow.
• Cabinet – group of officials who head
government departments and advise the
President.
Economic Vocabulary
• bond – certificate that promises to repay money
loaned, plus interest, on a certain date.
Alexander Hamilton thought it was important
to pay off government bonds because
otherwise no one would lend the US money
again.
• national debt – total sum of money a
government owes.
James Madison opposed Hamilton’s
repayment plan because it
penalized southern states that had
already paid their debts.
Hamilton proposed the following
ways to raise money for the new
government:
• protective tariff – tax on imported goods
to protect a country’s industry from
foreign competition.
• Liquor tax
Chapter 9, Section 2 Objectives
• Identify the policy the United States
adopted when war broke out in Europe.
• Describe how Washington’s farewell
address influenced American foreign policy.
French Revolution –
• (1789) French struggle for
liberty and equality that
resulted in the
overthrow of the
French
monarchy.
• Like our Independence day, Bastille Day is
celebrated every July 14, the day a mob destroyed
the Bastille prison. Many of the people
imprisoned in the Bastille were not criminals, they
simply opposed the King.
• The revolution in France divided
Americans because some Americans
turned against what was happening in
France when things became violent.
Other Americans felt the French had the
right to use violence to gain freedom.
To avoid war President Washington
issued the Neutrality Proclamation and
sent John Jay to work out a treaty.
• foreign policy – actions that a nation takes
in relation to other nations.
• neutrality – foreign policy of not taking
sides in a war or disagreement.
In his Farewell Address, Washington advised
Americans to avoid getting involved in
foreign affairs.
Chapter 9, Section 3 Objectives
• Explain how political differences led to the
rise of two political parties.
Democratic Republicans –political party
that supported Thomas Jefferson which in
the late 1700s was shortened to
Republicans. This party later became
today’s Democratic Party.
“The government that governs least
governs best.”
Federalists – political party that
supported Alexander Hamilton.
They favored a strong federal
government.
Federalists
Republicans
Led by Alexander Hamilton Led by Thomas Jefferson
Wanted the well educated
& wealthy to lead country
Strong FEDERAL
government
Manufacturing, shipping,
trade
Loose interpretation of the
Constitution
Favors the British
The people have political
power
Strong STATE government
Agriculture
Strict interpretation of the
Constitution
Favors the French
Supports the national bank Opposes the national bank
Favors protective tariffs
Opposes protective tariffs
• Rival newspapers supported
Federalists or Republicans. By
mixing rumors and feelings with
facts, newspapers influenced
public opinion.
Chapter 9, Section 4 Objectives
• Describe the XYZ Affair.
• Explain why the Alien and Sedition acts
outraged many Americans.
Napoleon Bonaparte – an
ambitious French army officer took over
France after the French Revolution.
France continues to hate Great Britain,
and Bonaparte fights to build a French
empire.
XYZ Affair –When French foreign
minister Charles Maurice de
Talleyrand demanded $250,000 for
himself and a loan to France for $10
million before he would discuss the
rights of neutral nations. (The
French diplomats that he sent to the
US to request the bribe were not
named but referred to as
X, Y, and Z.)
Many Americans wanted to declare war on
France because France had seized US ships and
its officials had asked for bribes (XYZ Affair).
• immigrant – person who enters a country
in order to settle there.
• sedition – stirring up rebellion against a
government.
• Alien and Sedition Acts – The Alien Act
allowed the President to expel any alien
(foreigner) thought to be dangerous to the
country.
• The Sedition Act allowed citizens to be
fined or jailed if they criticized the
government or its officials.
• Federalists favored the Alien and
Sedition Acts because the Alien Act delayed
granting citizenship to immigrants who
tended to vote Republican and the Sedition
Act silenced Republicans who criticized the
government.
• Republicans opposed the Alien and Sedition
Acts because the Alien Act denied the vote
to some supporters and the Sedition Act
violated the freedom of speech and the
press.