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Qualitative Research: An Overview Quantitative research • Representative: Results are representative of some known universe • Reliability: Results are the result of standardized application; quality does not vary much by skills of researcher • Replicability • Socializing/ teaching questionnaire: forcing responses. • One-shot interaction • Speedy production Example of quantitative question 55. Actualmente, ¿qué tan peligroso es cruzar la frontera, sin papeles? Muy peligroso Algo peligroso Poco peligroso Nada peligroso N/A NS/NQR 1 2 3 4 8888 9999 Qualitative research • • • • • • • High-quality data about a few cases Informal, conversational, naturalistic Partial insider Detail/ nuance Narrative Explanation of mechanisms Member’s meanings (emic over etic understandings) • Emotion, subjectivity • Potentially multiple interactions with subject Examples of qualitative questions • Hablando de su experiencia más reciente cruzando la frontera… – ¿Con quién cruzó la frontera? – ¿Cómo consiguió su coyote? – ¿Cómo les fue en el viaje? – Con todo lo que conoce, y todo lo que le pasó, ¿volvería a hacerlo otra vez? ¿Por qué? A research question best answered with quantitative data • Do Tunkaseños who have lived in the United States for more than 5 years have higher rates of diabetes than Tunkaseños who have lived in the United States for fewer than 5 years? A research question best answered with qualitative data • Why do Tunkaseños who have lived in the United States for more than 5 years have higher rates of diabetes than Tunkaseños who have lived in the United States for fewer than 5 years? MMFRP qualitative interviews • Semi-structured interview guide for each group (~ 20 questions) • Plan who you intend to interview: – Key informants; experts; ordinary people – Don’t be afraid to take advantage of opportunistic interactions; • When possible, record with digital recorder • You will transcribe recordings in San Diego and make the transcriptions available to the team • Most qualitative interviews in second half of fieldwork Conclusion • Quantitative and qualitative research offer very different modes of thought • The best approach to take depends on the question being answered • In your final analysis, you can combine both quantitative and qualitative data to make a compelling argument