Transcript American Imperialism

American Imperialism
The Spanish American War
Annexation of Hawai'i
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Vocabulary
1. Imperialism – Extending a country’s political or
economic authority over other territories.
2. Rebellion – organized defiance of the government
in charge.
3. Annexation – Adding land from one to another
country, usually without permission.
4. Territory/Colony – A piece of land that’s controlled
by another country but not fully part of that country.
5. Coups d'état – the overthrow of a government by
non-democratic means (sometimes force)
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The Spanish American War
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It all started in Cuba
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Cuba In Rebellion - 1895
Cuba was Spanish Colony
Cuba was fighting for
independence from Spain
The rebellion (in 1895)
was lead by Jose Marti
Cuba is only 90 miles from
Florida and the US was
very interested in getting
Spain out of our backyard.
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Spain Responded to Rebellion
Spain sent General
Valereano Weyler to crush
Cuban rebellion.
He placed thousands of
Cubans into “concentration
camps” – thousands die.
U.S. is getting nervous about
the violence.
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The United States & Cuba
Why did we care about
Cuba?
50 million dollar Cuban sugar
industry
Trade was going downhill
because of fighting there…
Made US businessmen angry.
US was concerned over hunger,
starvation, and disease in Cuba
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American Response
By 1896, tensions were very high
in Havana
Havana is the Capitol City of Cuba
McKinley responded by sending
U.S.S. Maine to Havana Harbor
McKinley was intending to protect
American citizens and property
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February 15, 1898 - USS Maine
Exploded in Havana Harbor
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260 Americans are killed
“Remember the Maine”
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What happened to the Maine?
Explosion was
initially a mystery
U.S. immediately
blamed Spain for the
incident
Later investigations
pointed to internal
engine problems
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Quick Quiz
1. Explain Imperialism? (own words)
2. Explain THREE facts about the Cuban rebellion.
3. How did Spain respond?
4. Why was U.S. interested in Cuba? THREE FACTS.
5. What happened in Havana Harbor? Why was the
boat there in the first place? Who did the U.S.
blame?
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The Maine in the News
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Yellow Journalism
Press printed headlines and
stories with little attention to
facts
Their Goal was to gain readers to
make $$$
William Randolph Hearst famous
publisher of Yellow Journalism
Angry public pushed American
government to declare war.
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McKinley Responds
June 20th 1898
17,000 troops sent to
Cuba to fight Spanish
Sends Teddy Roosevelt’s
Rough Riders - special
unit under Roosevelt
(Secretary of Navy)
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Spanish American War in Cuba
San Juan Hill
Decisive battle of
Spanish American
War
Rough Riders charged
up the hill in heroic
fashion
T. Roosevelt awarded
Medal of Honor for
his heroism
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War expands to the Philippines
The Philippines was a Spanish
Colony
US Commodore George Dewey
destroyed 10 Spanish ships with
6 American ships
Filipino independence rebel
Emilio Aguinaldo helped the U.S.
U.S. promised Philippines their
Independence – this was not kept.
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Spanish American War Ends
U.S. defeated Spain by August 1898
Other Spanish colonies of Puerto
Rico and Guam become U.S.
territories.
385 American soldiers killed in
battle
What do we do with our new
colonies? Cuba, Guam, Philippines,
Puerto Rico?
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Cuban Independence
America promised Cuba
independence, but with exceptions
on December 10, 1898
The Platt Amendment prohibited
trade, and treaties with other
nations
Guantanamo Bay was built as our
military presence in the Caribbean
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Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam
The Philippines remained a U.S. territory
until independence from the United States
was achieved in 1946
Guam and Puerto Rico still remain U.S.
territories today (the people are considered
U.S. citizens and U.S. citizens do not need a
passport to travel to or from there).
People in Guam and Puerto Rico do not get to
vote for president or representatives in
Congress
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Quick Quiz
1. Explain yellow Journalism.
2. How did McKinley respond to the Maine? When?
Who did he send?
3. Explain four facts about the S.A. War in the
Philippines.
4. Explain three facts about the end of the S.A. War.
5. What happened to each new territory: Guam,
Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico.
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Annexation of Hawai'i
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The Hawaiian Kingdom
In 1810 Kamehameha
the Great United all of
the Hawaiian Islands
into one kingdom, he
called it Hawai'i.
The Hawaiian kingdom
was an independent
country with its own
language, customs, and
religious traditions.
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Hawaii’s Sugar Industry
By 1848, foreigners, mostly American Sugar
Planters, had gained influence with the
Hawaiian King (Kamehameha III)
In 1875 Hawaii’s King David Kalakaua and the
United States signed a treaty so Hawaiian
sugar could be sold in the US tax-free…
This made Hawaiian Sugar cheaper in the US
than it had been before, so Americans bought
more of it and the sugar industry in Hawaii
boomed
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Pearl Harbor
In 1887 King David Kalakaua was
forced, by a militia of American
sugar planters, to sign a new
Hawaiian constitution
It was called the Bayonet
Constitution and it stripped him
of many of his powers as King.
It also made it easier to pressure
the King to allow the United States
to build a naval base at Pearl
Harbor to refuel American ships.
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Queen Lili'uokalani
When King Kalakaua
died in 1891, his sister
took the thrown.
She was determined to
gain back the power
that had been stolen
from her brother and
return power to the
Hawaiian People.
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Hawai'i’s last Queen
The American sugar planters of Hawai'i did
not like Queen Lili'uokalani’s ideas.
They wanted to maintain power over the
islands business affairs.
A prominent businessman named Sanford
Dole, with the help of the U.S ambassador to
Hawaii John Stevens organized an overthrow.
With the help of the U.S. Marines they
overthrew the Queen in January of 1893
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U.S. Marines Block Queen’s Home
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President Cleveland Responds
Grover Cleveland was US president
at the time and wanted the Queen’s
power restored.
He did not want to annex Hawaii
unless a majority of Hawaiians
approved, which they didn’t.
However, he refused to force the
new Hawaiian Government, made
up of mostly American sugar
planters, to give the Queen back her
power, which they didn’t.
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Hawaii is Annexed
In 1897 William McKinley became
president of the US. He was an
expansionist and was very much in
favor of annexation.
On August 12 1898, Hawaii was
proclaimed a U.S. territory by Congress
and this bill was signed by President
McKinley into law
No Hawaiians had ever voted on this.
Hawai'i became a State in 1959
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Quick Quiz
1. Explain three facts about Hawaii’s Sugar Industry.
2. What was the Bayonet Constitution? What did it’s
signing make possible?
3. What did Queen Liliuokalani want to do? Who
overthrew her? How?
4. Explain the responses of two different U.S. Presidents
(Cleveland & McKinley)
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