Transcript WWII In the Pacific

WORLD WAR II
Pacific Campaign
DISCUSS/REVIEW
How did the
United States
get involved in
World War II?
Neutrality Acts
• 1935
– prohibited export of “arms, ammunition, &
implements of war” to foreign, warring nations
• 1937
– warring nations could get any item except arms
• 1939
– lifted arms embargo, putting all trade with
warring nations under terms of “cash-&-carry”
• any item could be sold as long as it was immediately
paid for
Lend-Lease
• United States would provide a country with
supplies needed to fight Germany
• the country would NOT have to pay the
United States back immediately
• United States contracted Lend-Lease
agreements with 30+ countries, worth $50B
• program was designed to allow America to
indirectly help defeat Germany
PEARL HARBOR- “A day that will live in infamy”
• What is Pearl Harbor?
– Naval base in Hawaii, USA
– served as the docking station for the
entire U.S. Pacific fleet
• When?
– December 7, 1941
• What happened?
– Near 200 Japanese warplanes attack the
U.S. Pacific fleet & airfields
– 2,300 Americans killed
– 1,100 Americans wounded
– 18 warships were sunk or heavily
damaged, including 8 battleships
– December 8  US declares war on
Japan
– December 11  Germany & Italy
declare war on US
DISCUSS
What does
the Pacific
look like prior
to WWII?
DISCUSS
How do the
Japanese
follow up
Pearl Harbor?
DISCUSS
Where will
Japan attack
next?
DISCUSS
How did the
U.S. get the
Philippines?
PHILIPPINES ATTACKED
• Philippines
– Conquered by U.S. during the
time of imperialism
– General Douglas MacArthur
was in charge there
• Japan invades Philippines
– Japanese attacks were heavy
– Conquered in 3 months
– MacArthur was ordered to
evacuate to Australia by FDR
– MacArthur: “I shall return!”
– 11,000 American and Filipino
soldiers surrendered
DISCUSS
Do you think the U.S. was
ready for a war in the Pacific?
DISCUSS
How did the Japanese
treat the American and
Filipino POWs?
BATAAN DEATH MARCH
• Bataan Death March
– Bataan – part of Philippines
– Japanese torture American and
Filipino Prisoners of War (POWs)
– Americans forced into groups
and made to march 60 miles
– Japanese soldiers denied POWs
water and rest and many were
beaten and tortured
– 10,000 died on the 12 day hike
– 15,000 more died in camps
DISCUSS
Why did the
Japanese hate
POWs?
Doolittle’s Raid and Coral Sea
• String of Japanese victories (Guam, Wake,
Burma, Philippines
– Seemed unbeatable
– Colonel James Doolittle launces bombing
attacking of Tokyo, April 1942
– Raised Allied morale
– May 1942, Battle of the Coral Sea
• Used aircraft carriers
• Able to stop Japanese advance to air base in New
Guinea
DISCUSS
How do the Allies finally
strike back at the
Japanese?
DISCUSS
What happens at Midway?
DISCUSS
Who is this man?
What has he
already done to
the U.S.?
BATTLE OF MIDWAY
• Battle of Midway
– Japanese lured Americans into
a trap at Midway
– U.S. planes catch Japanese
ships off guard & bombed them
– Americans destroy 4 large
carriers and 332 planes
• Impact
– Major Allied victory
– Japan’s navy weakened; forced
to be defensive from now on
– Turning Point in the Pacific
Admiral
Yamamoto
leads the
Japanese
fleet in the
Battle of
Midway
DISCUSS
After Midway, how do
the Allies change their
strategy?
NEW U.S. STRATEGY
• Japanese Islands
– The Japanese had firm control of
hundreds of islands in the Pacific
– To attack each would take a
tremendous amount of time and
cost many lives
• Island Hopping
– General Douglas MacArthur
decides to “hop” from one island
to another attacking certain ones
– Hopes this will cut off the islands
from Japanese reinforcements
– 1st target: Guadalcanal
BATTLE OF GUADALCANAL
• Guadalcanal
– Japan was planning on making it a
huge air base
– Called “Island of Death” by Japan
– Allies (U.S. & Australia) need to
attack before that happens
• Battle of Guadalcanal
– MacArthur attacks and Allies easily
take control of the air base
– Battle become brutal after that
– Six months of fighting later, the
Japanese abandoned the island
having lost 24,000 soldiers
SUMMARIZE
How was the Battle of
Midway a turning point of
WWII in the Pacific?