Transcript TERRITORIAL EXPANSION

TERRITORIAL EXPANSION
WESTWARD EXPANSION
From 1803 to 1853, the United
States expanded to its present
continental boundaries.
MANIFEST DESTINY
WESTWARD EXPANSION
• Many Americans believed in Manifest
Destiny, the conviction that the United
States had a divine mission to expand in
order to spread the ideals of freedom and
democracy.
People Moving West
WESTWARD EXPANSION
• The first Americans to move westward were
explorers, naturalists, trappers, traders, and
missionaries.
• These were followed by trailblazers and settlers
who traveled westward along routes such as the
Santa Fe and Oregon Trails.
• Mormons, led by Brigham
Young, settled at the
Great Salt Lake, Utah in
1846.
• In order to escape
religious persecution,
they selected a spot
which placed them far
from others.
• Most settlers chose
more prosperous lands in
the far West, leaving
the Great Plains to be
settled after the
1860’s.
Lands Acquired Between
1783-1853
WESTWARD EXPANSION
Northwest Ordinance
• In the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, Congress
provided a procedure for dividing the territory
north of the Ohio River into three to five
different territories.
• More importantly, the Northwest Ordinance
established a clear, orderly process by which
new territories in the West would become
states.
There were 3 basic requirements
for becoming a state.
1. Congress would appoint a territorial
governor.
2. Once a territory had 5,000 voting
residents, the settlers could write a
temporary constitution & elect their own
government.
3. After the territory had a population of
60,000 they could write a state
constitution, which once approved by
Congress statehood was granted.
LOUISIANA PURCHASE
• In 1800 Napoleon Bonaparte persuaded Spain to
return the Louisiana Territory.
• When the French colony of Haiti was overthrown
by African slaves Napoleon saw no reason to
keep the Louisiana Territory.
• In 1803 President
Thomas Jefferson
purchased the territory
for 15 million dollars.
• The Louisiana Purchase
doubled the size of the
United States.
• In addition to adding
new lands, the purchase
also gave the U.S.
control of the vital
Mississippi River.
Lewis & Clark
• After the Louisiana Purchase President Thomas
Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William
Clark to explore this land in 1803.
• During the expedition from St. Louis to the
Pacific Ocean Lewis and Clark were instructed by
Jefferson to carry out scientific studies and to
document the native cultures they found.
• Sacagawea, who later joined the expedition,
served as a interpreter and guide.
From St. Louis to the Pacific
• The Lewis and Clark expedition took 2 years and
4 months and was a great success.
• It opened the way for settlement of the West
and strengthened American claims to the Oregon
Territory on the North West coast.
Other Lands Acquired Between 1783-1853
• Florida (1819)-this territory was acquired by Spain
through the Adams-Onis Treaty.
• Texas (1845)-and what is now California, Nevada, Utah,
Arizona, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and
Wyoming became part of the United States by
annexation.
• Oregon Country (1846)-what is now Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, and parts of Montana and Wyoming was gained
from Great Britain in a compromise.
• Mexican Cession (1848)- what is now California, Nevada,
Utah, Arizona, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and
Wyoming became part of the United States by the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican
War.
• Gadsden Purchase (1853)-this piece of land in southern
Arizona and New Mexico was purchased from Mexico as
a possible railroad route.
Territorial Expansion by the MidNineteenth Century
Expansion of Slavery
WESTWARD EXPANSION
Missouri Compromise
• In 1819, when settlers in Missouri requested
admission into the Union, the conflict of slavery
arose.
• Southerners claimed that Northerners were
trying to end slavery.
• Northerners accused Southerners of plotting to
extend the institution of slavery into the new
territories.
• Congress managed to
temporarily resolve the crisis
with a series of agreements
known as the Missouri
Compromise.
• Maine was admitted as a free
state and Missouri was
admitted as a slave state in
order to maintain balance
within the Union.
• Slavery was banned in the
lands of the Louisiana
Purchase north of 36’ 30’ N
latitude and allowed in the
lands south of this line.
The Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
• The issue of slavery came
up again in 1850 with the
admission of California
into the Union as a free
state.
• This issue was settled
once more by the
Compromise of 1850,
which included 3 key
provisions…
1.California entered the Union as a free state.
2.The Fugitive Slave Act required that escaped
slaves be returned to their owners.
3.Popular Sovereignty, or vote of the people living
within a territory, would determine whether a
territory in the Mexican cession would be slave
or free.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 overturned
the Missouri Compromise by allowing those
territories to decide the question of slavery by
popular sovereignty.
• Violence erupted as both supporters and nonsupporters of slavery rushed into Kansas to
vote.
The Republican Party
• Reactions to the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to
changes in the political party system.
• The Democrats were seriously weakened in the
North.
• The Republican Party was founded to oppose the
spread of slavery.
Bleeding Kansas
• The race for the possession of Kansas became
increasingly violent.
• As pro- and antislavery people rushed into
Kansas to vote on the issue, violence erupted,
known as Bleeding Kansas.
The Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott vs Sandford
• In 1857 the Supreme
Court gave its ruling on
the question of slavery in
the territories in Dred
Scott vs Sandford.
• The ruling held that no
African Americans, slave
or free, were citizens,
and therefore, they were
not entitled to
constitutional protection in
any territory.