Transcript 7-6.3 Middle East Notes 2016

Middle East Notes
Standard 7-6.3
1. The Middle East
A.
B.
C.
D.
The roots of conflict in the
Middle East run deep.
Middle East were colonies from
European nations for many
years.
People in the Middle East wanted
to remove foreign rule.
The Suez canal and oil in the
Persian Gulf have always made
this area powerful.
There is something
artificial about a
map of a region that
was inhabited for
centuries by
nomads who had no
concept of private
property or national
boundaries.
Likewise, the map
makers had no
concept of racial,
ethnic, religious or
cultural differences.
It was a recipe for
disaster.
More things unite the three
religions than divide them…
All three practice ethical monotheism
All three claim the same supreme being
God/Yahweh/Allah
All three claim Abraham as the founder and
also some of the same prophets
Jerusalem is sacred to all three
All three have common beliefs and customs
2. Creation of Israel
A.
B.
C.
D.
In 1948 Israel was created as a
Jewish state by the Balfour
Declaration.
This announcement created
conflicts that still remains today.
Palestinian’s (Arabs), Jews and
Christians all consider this area
their homeland.
Jerusalem is now in Israel which is
a Holy Land for all three religions.
The Dome of the Rock is sacred to all three religions because
it houses the rock on which Abraham was prepared to
sacrifice his son, Isaac. It is from that rock that Muhammad
ascended into heaven for a time before returning to develop
the Islamic religion. The building adjoins the Wailing Wall, the
last remnant of Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem.
Faithful Jews pray at
the Wailing Wall in
Jerusalem in the
shadows of the Dome
of the Rock. Located
on the West Bank, this
beautiful building is one
of the most hotly
disputed religious
places in all the world.
All three religions claim
it and have fought over
it through the centuries.
3. The Zionist Movement
A.
B.
C.
With so many Jews displaced
after the holocaust, there
was a need to find a suitable
location for resettlement and
a homeland (Zionism)
The Balfour Declaration
(1917) had increased
tensions between Jews and
Palestinians. Britain had
control of Palestine after
WWI and the defeat of the
Ottoman Empire
The plans called to split
Palestine in half, with a
Jewish State and a
Palestinian state. Jerusalem
would be an ‘international
city’
3. The Zionist Movement
D.
E.
The country of Israel was
created in 1948 in the
Palestinians homeland.
Palestinians retaliated and
attacked but Israel won
and held on to the land.
In 1956, 1967, and 1973
there were more wars and
the Israelis continued to
gain more land from the
Palestinians. The
Palestinians were forced to
relocate each time.
Palestinian Homes Demolished to
Make room for Israeli Settlements
4. Arab Nationalism
A.
B.
Arabic people continued
to show intense
nationalism throughout
the Middle East.
In 1956 the Egyptian
President sent troops to
take over the Suez canal,
which was in Egypt but
was controlled by the
British, since they paid
for it.
4. Arab Nationalism
C.
D.
Great Britain wanted to
retake the Canal, and
convinced Israel to send
in troops and work with
the French to provide air
support. Egypt was
defeated, and lost land
to Israel
The United States and
Soviet Union, in an effort
to prevent another war,
forced Israel to return
the land to Egypt.
Suez Crisis Troop Movements
5. Palestine fights back
A.
B.
C.
In 1964 the Palestinian
Liberation Organization
(PLO) came into being to
support the creation of a
Palestinian state.
Yasser Arafat became
their leader.
Soon Guerrilla groups
gained power and
claimed they would use
military force in order to
create a Palestinian state.
5. Palestine fights back
D.
E.
In 1967 The President
of Egypt and other
Arab leaders prepared
to go to war against
Israel.
Israel Attacked first, in
Egypt, Jordan, Syria
and Iran, Winning the
Sinai Peninsula, the
West Bank, Golan
Heights and Jerusalem
in the Six day war.
6. The Fighting Continues
A.
B.
C.
The Yom Kippur war occurred 6
years after the Six Day war
The Arabs attacked Israel, and a
cease fire was signed weeks later.
This was the first Major peace
between the two sides and was
known as the “Camp David Accords”
they led to Egypt recognizing Israel
as a country
6. The Fighting Continues
D.
E.
F.
This angered Muslim radicals who
assassinated Egyptian President Anwar
Sadat
Palestinians launched the Intifada in 1987
which was a group of attacks and
demonstrations against Israeli troops
In 1993 the Oslo Peace accords were
signed, Israel gave Palestinians self-rule in
the west bank and Gaza strip. However the
Israeli prime minister was assassinated by
radical Jews and both sides are yet to form
a lasting peace
7. Conflicts in Summary
A.
B.
C.
Six Day War – 1967, Israel bombed
Egypt and took out their air force and
captured Palestine land tripling
Israel’s land.
Yom Kippur War – 1973, Egypt and
Syria launched air strikes against
Israel on the major Jewish holiday.
PLO – 1987, led an intifada, uprising
against Israel.
8. Iran
A.
B.
C.
D.
In 1979 Ayatollahs, Muslim
clergy, took control of Iran.
These leaders upheld laws of the
Quran and did not like Western
interventions.
An angry mob took 52 Americans
hostage for almost a year.
Today the situation is still tense
between the U.S. and Iran.
9. Persian Gulf War
A.
B.
C.
In 1990 Saddam Hussein invaded
an oil rich country, Kuwait.
The U.S. formed a United Nations
coalition to help Kuwait and forced
Iraq out of Kuwait- Operation
Desert Storm.
The United States and the U.N. won
the war, but President George H. W.
Bush allowed Hussein to stay in
power.
10. War on Terror
A.
B.
Terrorists have repeatedly tried to
upset the peace process in the
Middle East.
On September 11, 2001,
members of al-Qaeda, a terrorist
organization led by Osama bin
Laden, attacked multiple targets
in the United States.
11. September 11




2 Planes were flown into the World
Trade Center in New York City
1 Plane hit the Pentagon
1 Plane crash-landed in Shanksville,
Pennsylvania after the passengers
attempted to take back the plane
from the hijackers.
All hijackers and passengers aboard
the planes were killed.
12. September 11th cont.


President George W. Bush declared
the area around the Trade Center as
“Ground Zero.”
President Bush also declared a “War
on Terror.”
• As a result, the United States went to
war against the Taliban in Afghanistan,
where bin Laden was believed to be
hiding.
13. The War in Iraq



In 2003 the U.S. formed another coalition
to invade Iraq in search of suspected
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs.)
• Hussein used WMDs against his people
in the past.
Hussein was captured and executed by the
Iraqis.
In 2005 Iraqi voters approved a
constitution and began re-building their
government.