Transcript Reconstruction: 1865-1877

Reconstruction: 18651877
Standards: US.II 3a,3b,3c,4c
Preview Activity
Safari Montage:
Reconstruction Introduction
 SAFARI Montage
What was “Reconstruction”?
 After the Civil War, the South
was devastated and bitter
 Reconstruction was the rebuilding of the Union
(particularly in the South)
 Reconstruction attempted to
give meaning to the freedom
that the former slaves had
achieved
 SAFARI Montage: Chapter 1
(CHECK LINK)
Guided Reading Activity 17.1
 Read the paragraph and answer the
accompanying questions
Lincoln’s Plan of Reconciliation
 Reconciliation
 To bring into agreement
or harmony
 To come together,
forgiving and forgetting
the past
 Lincoln believed that
preservation of the Union
was more important than
punishing the South.
 SAFARI Montage
(AKA: The 10% Plan)
Robert E. Lee: Pro-Reconciliation
 Former Confederate General
 Urged Southerners to
reconcile with Northerners
at the end of the war and
reunite as Americans when
some wanted to continue to
fight
 Became president of
Washington College, which is
now known as Washington
and Lee University
Lincoln Assassinated
 April 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theatre
in D.C. by John Wilkes Booth
 Died the next day, on April 15th, 1865
President Andrew Johnson
 From Tennessee, a Confederate state
 Agreed with Lincoln that states had never
legally left the Union
 SAFARI Montage
President Johnson’s Plan
 Offered amnesty (forgiveness) to all Southerners who
took a simple oath, or promise of loyalty, EXCEPT
Confederate officers
 State constitutions had to deny slavery and secession
EFFECTS
1. Certain leading Confederates could not vote
2. They just gained power in state governments
3. Same old, same old!
Reconstruction Amendments
 Passed by Congress to help with Reconstruction
 Guaranteed equal protection under the law
 13th Amendment (1865)
 14th Amendment (1868)
 15th Amendment (1870)
 Helpful phrase: “FREE CITIZENS VOTE!”
13th Amendment
 Abolished (banned)
slavery in the U.S. and its
territories
 "Neither slavery nor
involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment
for crime whereof the
party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist
within the United States,
or any place subject to
their jurisdiction.”
 SAFARI Montage
14th Amendment
 Rules that you are a
citizen if you are born in
the U.S. or its territories
 “All persons born or
naturalized in the United
States…are citizens of
the United States and of
the state wherein they
reside.”
 SAFARI Montage
15th Amendment
 It is illegal to deny
someone the right to vote
based on race
 "The right of citizens of
the United States to
vote shall not be denied
or abridged by the
United States or by any
state on account of race,
color, or previous
condition of servitude.”
 SAFARI Montage
Reconstruction Amendments
 Primary Source Activity and Foldable
DILI 3a: Reconstruction Amendments
Historical Perspectives
 POLITICAL
 Associated with “politics”
 Involves government, public office, rights, laws, etc.
 SOCIAL
 Associated with “society”
 Involves race, gender, age and other ways of grouping
people
 ECONOMIC
 Associated with the “economy”
 Involves money, business, trade, jobs, etc.
Policies and Problems of
Reconstruction: SCREAM Notes
Soldiers from the North supervised the South.
Carpetbaggers from the North take control of
Southern politics and business, leading to
resentment from the Southerners.
Rights for African Americans were gained as a
result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which also
authorized the use of federal troops to enforce it.
Establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau to aid
former enslaved African Americans in the South.
African Americans could hold public office in the
South.
Military leaders of the Confederacy could not
hold office.
Southern Reaction to Reconstruction:
Black Codes
 Purpose was to control daily
life for freedmen
 Kept them working on
plantations and farming
 Received the same old
treatment
 Forced many former slaves to
become “sharecroppers”
 SAFARI Montage
Cycle of
Sharecropping
The sharecropper
rents a piece of land
from the landowner.
This rent includes a
shack, seeds and
farming tools. The
sharecropper
promises to give the
landowner a
percentage of the
crops.
Another portion of the
crop is sold to pay rent
to the landowner for the
next season.
Some of the remaining crops
feed the sharecropper’s
family. Rarely, there are
enough crops to sell for
profit.
*Sharecropping
Activity
The sharecropper
plants and harvest the
crops such as corn,
wheat, fruits, pecans,
and peanuts.
The sharecropper gives
the landowner the
amount of crops agreed
upon.
“SCREAM” Your Frustrations!
 Read the directions in your note packet
to write down what frustrations you
would address with President Johnson
regarding the Reconstruction policies
Northern Soldiers Supervised
the South
Civil Rights Act of 1866
 Gave full citizenship to African Americans
 Stated that the federal government would
enforce the law
 Overturned the Black Codes
Carpetbaggers
 Men from the North that went to the South
after the Civil War to make money from the
people of the South
Freedmen’s Bureau
 Established to help former slaves go to school
 SAFARI Montage
Compromise of 1877
 Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a
compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876
 Republicans (mostly in the North) ended the military
occupation of the South in exchange for having their
candidate Rutherford B. Hayes become President
 Safari Montage: (Stop at Plessy vs. Ferguson)
“Who Killed Reconstruction?”
 DBQ Class Set Reading and Questions
DILI 3b: Reconstruction
Policies/Problems
Quick Review
 Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the
freedom that former slaves had achieved, as well as
rebuilt the South.
Reconstruction Amendments
 FREE CITIZENS VOTE!
 13th Amendment – banned slavery
 14th Amendment – established citizenship
 15th Amendment – can’t deny the vote based on race
 ALL – guarantee equal protection under the law
Reconstruction’s Continuing
Legacy - “Jim Crow” Era
 Late 1800s to mid-1960s when Southern states
required racial segregation in public schools,
transportation, and other public facilities
 Racial segregation
 Based upon race
 Directed primarily against African Americans but
other groups were also kept segregated (American
Indians were not considered citizens until 1924).
Reconstruction and Segregation
 Segregation means to separate
by race
 African Americans and whites
were separated in public
places (“racial segregation”)
 “Jim Crow” laws were passed
to discriminate against African
Americans
 They legalized segregation.
 SAFARI Montage
Racial Segregation
 Explain or describe this cartoon:
Plessy v. Ferguson
 Supreme Court case in 1896 that maintained segregation
 “Separate but equal” was legal
Examples of Jim Crow Laws
 Buses: “All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation
company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows
for the white and colored races.” Alabama
 Railroads: “The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to
assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a
partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.” Alabama
 Restaurants: “It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the
serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the
same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a
solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or
higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each
compartment.” Alabama
 Education: “The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall
be conducted separately.” Florida
Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan
 Founded in Tennessee by 6 rebels
 Became the most powerful secret society in the South
 Members threatened, beat, and even killed African
Americans
 Burned schools and churches in night raids
 Disrupted elections (there were more than 100,000
more eligible African American voters than white)

SAFARI Montage
Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan
 Today
 About 100 different
chapters
 As many as 5,000
members
 Strongest in the South
and Midwest
 Monitored by the FBI
for hate crimes and
Civil Rights violations
Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow
 Violated the Reconstruction Amendments which
guaranteed equal protection under the law for all born
in the U.S.
Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow
 The right to vote
 The right to serve on juries
 Made discrimination legal in many communities and
states
 Unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and
government
Frederick Douglass
 Former slave and human rights
activist
 Fought for adoption of
constitutional amendments
that guaranteed voting rights
 Was a powerful voice for
human rights and civil
liberties, or rights and
freedoms, for all (including
women and minorities)
 Biography Link
Reconstruction Legacies:
Lincoln, Lee, Douglass Notes
 Complete the review page for these three gentlemen.
DILI 3c: Reconstruction Legacies
Booker T. Washington
 Believed equality could be achieved through
vocational education / job training
 Established the Tuskegee Institute
 Accepted social segregation
 Ways to remember him:
 “T” for training/Tuskegee
 “Book” for education
W.E.B. DuBois
 Believed in full political, civil, and
social rights for African Americans
 Helped to found the NAACP
 Believed in immediate integration
(no segregation)
 Ways to remember him:
 Wanted “D’bois and d’girls full
freedom!”
 SAFARI Montage
Reconstruction Legacies:
Washington and DuBois
 Complete the review page for these two gentlemen.
Comparing Washington and
DuBois
 Use the class set readings to fill in the facts about
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois.
 Think:




Where are they from?
What are their backgrounds?
What did they believe?
How did their peers respond to them?
“Worse Than Slavery” Cartoon Analysis
DILI 4c: Constraints Faced
Study Guide Review!
 Review: Safari Summary
 7 minutes