Transcript Life Functions

Do Now – on looseleaf
Create a hypothesis and design an experiment.
This week was hot! I went out to look for really good
deodorant and was deciding between my original
deodorant and deodorant X. I wanted to sweat less and my
original deodorant was not cutting it!
Life Functions
Do Now
What makes a rock nonliving and a horse living?
What is Biology?
Study of life and living things
Living Things?
There are 8 essential life processes necessary for
every living organism.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Growth
Respiration
Reproduction
Regulation
Nutrition
Excretion
Transport
Synthesis
VOCAB:
Organisms = Living Things
All living things are:
Made up of Cell(s)
Cells are the basic unit of life!
– You just need 1
All life is made of one or more cells
– Unicellular: made of one cell only (amoeba, bacteria)
– Multicellular: made of many cells (you!)
Most common life forms on Earth are single celled
Cells have specific functions. Put them altogether, they make a
multicellular organism
– Example: Muscle cells, bone cells, neurons
Cells
We start as one cell, fertilized egg. Every cell in our
body comes from that first cell!
Cell #1
Growth & Development
Growth: Increase in size and/or the number of cells of an organism
– Every organism has their own pattern of growth
Flies – start as eggs, then maggots (larva) and then become flies.
Humans – Develop specialized cells in the womb, are born and then
grow bigger (more cells).
I love my Living Environment
Class with Mr. Bamberger!
I’m a baby; I’m just hanging out.
Take care of me.
Need materials & energy
To carry on life functions, organisms need a source of energy
Nutrition: Obtaining materials from the environment and
using them for energy and growth.
Ingestion – taking in of food
Digestion – big molecules broken down into small molecules
Absorption – broken down nutrients absorbed into cells
Excretion – waste removal
To carry on life functions, organisms need a source of energy
Respiration: Process by which energy is made (ATP) using the
broken down food (glucose) and oxygen. Carbon dioxide and water
are waste products.
o Takes place in the mitochondria of cells
Cellular Respiration
Breathing
Transport
Transport– end products of digestion and chemical
reactions are moved into, around and moved out of
cells.
Body Systems Involved in
Ingestion and Transport
Digestive System
Respiratory system
Circulatory System
Hold Up
What is the smallest a living organism can be?
You think you found a new life form. How can you tell if
it is living?
DO NOW
1. What is an organism?
2. What is the smallest unit of life that is living? Why?
3. What 2 body systems are involved with material
ingestion?
4. What are some substances we excrete?
Excretion
Excretion: Removal of wastes from an organism.
– Substances include: urine, sweat, CO2, H20 etc… All are
produced in the cells as a result of their life processes
(metabolism)
– Without removal of wastes, they can become toxic
Body System involved in Excrement
Excretory system!
Metabolism
Metabolism – sum total of all the life functions of an organism,
including all the chemical reactions (breaking down or building
materials)
Therefore, another word for Life Functions could be…
Breaking down – A bowl of pasta is digested and broken down into
simple molecular sugars
Synthesis – Chemical reaction where large molecules are
produced from smaller molecules (To make, build, create)
Regulation
Regulation - Organisms react to their surroundings in order to
maintain homeostasis. The control and coordination of the bodies
activities.
Example: A plant seed can germinate (begin to grow) only when
there is sufficient water and the ground is warm enough
Example: WE SWEAT! Why?
Body system involved in
Regulation
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Do Now
1. Using prefix sheet, what is the difference between:
– Aerobic Respiration
– Anaerobic Respiration
2. What is metabolism?
Reproduction
Production of new individuals
– Genetic information (DNA)passed to offspring
****Not necessary for the survival of a single organism
***Is necessary for the continued existence of a particular kind
of organism (species)
Species – Organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding among
themselves
Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction – creating new individuals from one
parent (mitosis)
Sexual Reproduction – creating new individuals from two
parents
Lame
Asexual Reproduction: One Parent
You
complete
me
Sexual Reproduction: Two Parents
Body system involved in
Reproduction
Reproductive system
Do Now: (4,6)
1. Do all organisms need oxygen to live?
2. What is the difference between:
– Aerobic
– Anaerobic
3. What is the difference between
– Asexual
– Sexual
Homeostasis
Homeostasis: maintaining an internal stable
environment
– The life functions we mentioned work towards maintaining
homeostasis.
It’s 98 degrees F outside. You start to sweat… why?
You haven’t eaten for 2 days, your stomach grumbles… why?
You eat bad Chinese food, and you get sick…why?
Disease - Failure to maintain homeostasis
How would you visually
show homeostasis?
How would you visually
show homeostasis?
How does your body maintain
Homeostasis
Negative feedback:
– A response to a change in order to return the system/body to
its original, stable state.
Example:
– Temperature drops, your body gets colder than it should be…
You begin to SHIVER
• Body temperature rises as a result!
– Body has certain blood sugar level; Too much sugar = body
releases insulin to break down the sugar and keep your
body’s blood-sugar level constant
Visual - Negative Feedback
Maintaining Homeostasis
To recap, There are 8 life functions you must remember:
(How could we describe using what we know?)
Growth
Respiration
Regulation
Reproduction
Nutrition
Excretion
Transport
Synthesis
GRRRNETS