Transcript Blood Typing

Week 6, Day Three
HW # 23- Cornell notes- due Tuesday
from the book CH 14, section 1 p. 552-561
from the end of this power point
Warm up
Review your levers packet.
Warm up Response
See
Homework Response/Check
Share two things that you learned from
yesterday’s lab activity
• Quiz
• Bill Nye
• Read/Do Blood Bean Demo
Cornell Notes
The Body’s Transport System
Circulatory System Consists of…
• Blood Vessels
• Blood
• Heart
Circulatory System
-Carries needed substances to cells
-Carries waste products away
-Blood has cells that fight disease
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Circulatory System
BLOOD VESSELS
Two Pathways
• Pulmonary Circulation
– Carries blood to lungs and back
• Systemic Circulation
– Carries blood to body and back
Capillaries of head and arms
Superior vena
cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right
lung
Capillaries of left
lung
Inferior vena cava
Capillaries of abdominal
organs and legs
Your Blood Vessels:
Pathway of Circulation
•
3 types of vessels
– Arteries
– Capillaries
– Veins
Arteries:
carries blood Away from heart
–
–
–
–
Large
Thick-walled, Muscular
Elastic
Oxygenated blood
•
Exception Pulmonary Artery
– Carried under great pressure
– Steady pulsating
Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue
Capillaries
–
–
–
–
Smallest vessel
Microscopic
Walls one cell thick
Nutrients and gases diffuse here
Veins:
Carries blood to heart
–
Carries blood that contains
waste and CO2
•
–
–
Exception pulmonary vein
Blood not under much pressure
Valves to prevent much gravity
pull
Venules: larger than capillaries
Varicose Veins
Damaged Valves in Veins
Contractions of the heart =
blood pressure
Valves in the heart prevent
backflow of blood
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Structure of Heart
• Four chambers
– Two upper (Atria)
• Walls thinner
• Less muscular
– Two lower
(Ventricles)
• Walls thicker
• More muscular
• Do more work
Circulatory System
•BLOOD
What is Blood?
• Blood Simulation
The Blood
• Body contains 4-6 L
• Consists of
–
–
–
–
Water
Red Blood Cells
Plasma
White blood cells and
platelets
Plasma
Platelets
White blood
cells
Red blood cells
Whole Blood Sample
Sample Placed in Centrifuge
Blood Sample That Has
Been Centrifuged
Plasma
Platelets
White blood
cells
Red blood cells
Whole Blood Sample
Sample Placed in Centrifuge
Blood Sample That Has
Been Centrifuged
Plasma
Platelets
White blood
cells
Red blood cells
Whole Blood Sample
Sample Placed in Centrifuge
Blood Sample That Has
Been Centrifuged
Parts of the Blood
Oxygen in the Blood
• Hemoglobin, iron
containing molecule
• Loosely picks up oxygen
in the lungs
• Loses oxygen in areas
low in oxygen (diffuses)
Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
• Hemoglobin carries CO2 also
• CO2 is a waste product of cellular
work
• 70% of CO2 combines with water
• The rest travels to the lungs
What does blood contain?
•
•
•
•
50% Water
45% Erythrocytes
4% Plasma with Substances
1% Leukocytes + Platelets
Erythrocytes (RBC) (optional info)
• Transporters of
– Oxygen
– Carbon Dioxide
• RBC
– Lack a nucleus
– Contain hemoglobin
– Disk-shaped
• RBC are produced in red bone
marrow of
–
–
–
–
ribs,
humerus,
femur,
sternum, and other long bones
• Lives for 120 days
• Old RBC are destroyed in liver and
spleen
Leukocytes (WBC) (optional info)
•
WBC fight infection
–
•
•
•
Less abundant
Large cells
Some live for months
–
•
•
Attack foreign
substances
Most just a few days
Several types
ALL contain nuclei
Platelets
•
•
•
•
•
PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood
Cell fragments
Produced in bone marrow
Short life span (1 week)
Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers)
– Form a web trapping blood cells
Blood Clotting
Break in Capillary Wall
Clumping of Platelets
Clot Forms
Blood vessels injured.
Platelets clump at the site and
release thromboplastin.
Thromboplastin converts
prothrombin into thrombin..
Thrombin converts fibrinogen
into fibrin, which causes a
clot. The clot prevents further
loss of blood..
Elaboration
• Blood Typing: To Clump or Not to Clump?
Blood Types
• Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion
• Four Types
–A
–B
– AB
–O
• Inherited from your parents
Blood Types
What happens when you mix blood
types?
• Plasma contains proteins that
correspond to the shape of the
different antigens
• If you mix one type with the
wrong one, you get CLUMPING
• Type O is the universal donor
• Type AB is the universal acceptor
What Makes Our Blood Type?
Blood Transfusions
Blood Type
of Donor
Blood Type of Recipient
A
B
AB
O
A
B
AB
O
Unsuccessful transfusion
Successful transfusion
Rh Factor
• Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited
– Rh+ (have antigen)
– Rh- (NO antigen)
• Can cause complications in pregnancies
– mother Rh- 1st baby Rh+ : blood mixes with
mother; mother’s body makes anti-Rh+ antibodies
– 2nd Rh + body attacks baby
– Now have medicine to prevent antibody
formation
Bloods Path Through the Heart
• Both Atria fill at same time
– Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body
from vena cava
– Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs
through four pulmonary veins
• After filled with blood atria contract, pushing
blood into ventricle
Both ventricles contract
Right ventricle contracts and pushes
oxygen-poor blood toward lungs,
• against gravity,
• through pulmonary arteries
Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)
Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich
blood
• out of heart through
• aorta (largest vessel)
Control of the Heart
(Nervous System) (optional information)
• Medulla oblongata regulates rate
• Sensory cells stretch when too fast
• Pressure drops when beat is too low
Heartbeat Regulation
• Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries (pulse)
• Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of right
atrium
• Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to contract
• Triggers 2nd set of cells (AV Node)-base of the right
atrium to send message to ventricles, they contract
• EkG – record of electrical changes in the heart
Your Blood: Fluid Transport
(optional information)
• a Tissue
• 50% water
• 4% dissolved
substances
Liquid Portion Carries
 Blood cells
– Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood cells)
– Leucocytes (WBC - white blood cells)
 Platelets (non cellular particles)
 Proteins
– Enzymes
– Hormones – Endocrine System
 Nutrients - Digestive System
 Gases - Respiratory System
 Inorganic salts