Transcript The Respiratory System

1. Why doesn’t food end up in your lungs
and air in your stomach?
Do Now
2. The bronchi and bronchioles are called
the conducting zone; whereas the
alveoli are the respiratory zone. Why
are these names appropriate for the
structures?
Friday, November 21 – Cardiovascular & Respiratory
System Test
Week of December 2 (Tuesday &Thursday) – Review
for Final Exam
Upcoming
Dates
Monday, December 8 – A&P Final Exam Part 1
Wednesday, December 10 – A&P Final Exam Part 2
Friday, December 12 – A&P Final Exam Part 3
Tuesday, December 16 – Eukaraoke Practice
Thursday, December 18 – Eukaraoke Performances
Do Now
5 min
Review of Anatomy 10 min
Agenda
Respiration
Ventilation
Hyperventilation
Study
Exit Ticket
15 min
15 min
35 min
5 mins
Objective
By the end of today’s class
period, I will be able to
explain how gas exchange
occurs in the alveoli.
Vocab review
 Conducting Zone:
 The parts of the respiratory zone that conduct or
direct air into the lungs
Vocab
Review
 Respiratory Zone:
 Some bronchioles and the ALVEOLI
Vocab
Review
 Ventilation:
 The process by which large volumes of gas are
transported into the lung
 Following the process of ventilation (air is funneled
into the lungs), respiration occurs
Respiration
 Respiration is also referred to as gas exchange.
Gas
Exchange
 This term refers to the exchange of CO2
from the blood with O2 from the air in
the lungs
 Why do the gases change places?
Why do the
gases change
place?
 The large differences in concentration of the gases
cause them to diffuse.
Where is there
a high
concentration
of CO2?
Let’s practice
a short
answer.
 How does the process of gas exchange occur across
the alveolar capillary membrane without the input
of energy?
 The process of respiration requires the following
steps:
Process of
Respiration
1.
Ventilation
2.
External respiration (gas exchange between lungs
and blood)
3.
Respiratory gas transport (oxygen moves to tissue)
4.
Internal respiration (gas exchange between blood
and cells)
 What is one similarity between internal and
external respiration?
Internal vs.
External
Respiration
 What is one difference between internal and
external respiration?
 The process of respiration requires the following
steps:
1. Ventilation
Process of
Respiration
We’re learning
about this.
2.
External respiration (gas exchange between lungs
and blood)
3.
Respiratory gas transport (oxygen moves to tissue)
4.
Internal respiration (gas exchange between blood
and cells)
 Who remembers Boyle’s Law from chemistry?
Boyle’s Law
What happens
to the pressure
if the volume
increases?
Inspiration
(inhalation)
Expiration
(exhalation)
1. Inspiration begins as...
3. During expiration...
a.
the diaphragm relaxes.
a.
b.
the diaphragm contracts.
increased alveolar volume causes increased
alveolar pressure.
c.
the lungs expand.
b.
increased alveolar volume causes decreased
alveolar pressure.
d.
the lungs contract.
c.
e.
none of the above.
decreased alveolar volume causes increased
alveolar pressure.
d.
decreased alveolar volume causes decreased
alveolar pressure.
e.
decreased alveolar pressure caused increased
alveolar volume.
2. The result of the process of inspiration is...
a.
increased alveolar volume causes increased
alveolar pressure.
b.
increased alveolar volume causes decreased
4. True or False : The alveoli never attain equal
alveolar pressure.
pressure with the ambient (outside) air.
decreased alveolar volume causes increased
alveolar pressure.
decreased alveolar volume causes decreased 5. True or False : As the volume in the alveoli
increases, the pressure decreases.
alveolar pressure.
c.
d.
e.
increased alveolar pressure caused decreased
alveolar volume.
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter23/a
nimation__alveolar_pressure_changes_during_inspir
ation_and_expiration.html
 Rapid or deep breathing at a rate faster than your
normal breathing patterns
 Alveolar ventilation of carbon dioxide exceeds body
production of carbon dioxide
Hyperventilation
 Getting rid of carbon dioxide faster than the body
can produce
 Causes for hyperventilation?
 Voluntary
 Involuntary
 Time how long you can hold your breath. Once you
exhale, record the time.
 Safety first – do not hold your breath too long; this
is not a competition. If you feel light-headed or
dizzy, let me know immediately.
 Calculate the mean breath-holding time
How long
can you hold
your breath?
Name
Condition 1 - Normal
Time (s)
How does
hyperventilation
affect the length
of time you can
hold your
breath?
Name
 Hyperventilate for 45 seconds – take rapid breaths
 Time how long you can hold your breath. Once you
exhale, record the time.
 Safety first – do not hold your breath too long; this is not a
competition. If you feel light-headed or dizzy, let me know
immediately.
 Calculate the mean breath-holding time after
hyperventilation
Condition 1 - Normal
Time (s)
Condition 2 Hyperventilate
Time (s)
 Create a scatterplot illustrating the normal breathholding time and the hyperventilating breathholding time
 Don’t forget to cover your
T.A.I.L. (title, axis,
increments, labels)
Graph &
Conclusions
 What conclusions can you draw from this
experiment?
 Why would a matched pairs design be
inappropriate for this study?
The Impulse
to Breathe
 Your desire to exhale is less about your body’s need
for oxygen, and more about your body’s need to get
rid of carbon dioxide
 High carbon dioxide levels in blood trigger the brain
to inhale (not low levels of oxygen!!)
 How does this fit with your results from the
experiment we did in class?
Real
Question
 What is the relationship between pressure and
volume called in this equation?
 Why do you cough?
Weird
Question
 A need to clear dust from the lower respiratory
tract. A deep breath closes the epiglottis and a
forceful expiration is performed.
Real
Question
 What does the diaphragm do in the process of
inspiration?
 Why do you sneeze?
Weird
Question
 Similar answer. You need to clear dust from the
upper respiratory tract. The uvula closes the air
pathway to the mouth and routes it through the
nose
Real
Question
 When the diaphragm flattens, what happens to the
pressure and volume of the lungs?
 Why do you hiccup?
Weird
Question
 An irritation of the phrenic nerve causes rapid
spasms of the diaphragm. The quick inhalations
make the hiccup sound as the pass over the vocal
cords (glottis)
Real
Question
 What role does the diaphragm play in ventilation?
1. What causes oxygen to move from
the lungs into the blood without the
use of energy?
2. To what does the term gas exchange
refer?
Exit Ticket
3. When the diaphragm contracts, do the
lungs expand or contract? How does
this affect the pressure and volume of
the lungs? Is this inspiration or
expiration?
4. What causes your desire to breath?