Transcript Kingdom Prokaryota

Biology Presentation
Variety of life and Classification
Luk Yui See 6B(17)
Five Kingdoms of organisms
Kingdom Prokaryota
Kingdom Protoctista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Prokaryota
• Unicellular and colonial
• including true bacteria
Kingdom Prokaryota
• Shape: spherical/rod-shaped /helical
• Example:
Rod-shaped
Kingdom Protoctista
• Unicellular protozoans and unicellular &
multicellular algae
• Mostly aquatic and live in seawater,
freshwater ponds, lakes and streams.
Kingdom Protoctista
• Example: Coralline Alga (Calliarthron tuberculosum)
Kingdom Fungi
• Have no true roots, stems and leaves and
vascular bundles
• Hyphae for anchorage and absorption
• Lack chlorophyll->saprophytic
Kingdom Fungi
• Example:
Kingdom Plantae
• Eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms
(contains chlorophyll)
» Mosses
» Ferns
» Gymnosperms
» Angiosperms
Mosses
• Primitive land plants
• Possess tiny rhizoids
• Upright, stem-like structure
• Do not have vascular tissue
Mosses
• Example:
mosses in gorge
Ferns
• A group of terrestrial plants
• Grow in shady and humid places
• Posses stems, leaves and vascular tissue
Ferns
• Example:
Gymnosperms
• Naked seeds
• No fruit because no ovary
• Usually cones on which sporangia and spores
develop
• No vessels in xylem, only tracheids, no
companion cells in phloem
Gymnosperms
• Example:
Angiosperms
• Seeds enclosed in ovary
• Produce flowers in which sporangia and spores
develop
• After fertilization, ovary develops into a fruit
• Xylem contains vessels; phloem contains companion
cells
Angiosperms
• Example:
angiospermmonocot
angiosperms
Kingdom Animalia
• Multicellular animals, without cell
walls and without photosynthetic
pigments, forming diploid blastula
Kingdom Animalia
• Chordates-posses notochord
• a single, dorsal and hollow nerve cord
• paired gill slits developed on the sides of the
embryonic pharynx.
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Fishes
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Kingdom Animalia
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Chnidarians
Annelids
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Fishes
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Aquatic
Stream-lined body, propulsive tail
Paired pectoral and pelvic fins
Unpaired median fins to maintain stability
Gills as respiratory organs
Single circulation
Prominent lateral line system
Exoskeleton of scales
Fishes
• Example:
Amphibians
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Smooth most skin without scales (act as respiratory surface)
No external ear
Semi-terrestrial; dependent on fresh water for development
External fertilization
Urea and ammonia excreted
Teeth uniform, only one type of tooth in dentition
Amphibians
• Example:
Reptiles
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Dry hard scales
Lungs as respiratory organs
No pinna to ear
Uric acid excreted
Internal fertilization
Completely adapted to life on dry, both in adults and during
development
Reptiles
• Example:
Birds
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Body covered by feathers
Endothermic
Bones are light and strong
Lungs as the respiratory organs
Fore Pectoral limbs modified to wings
No teeth
No pinna
Bipedal method of walking
Internal fertilization
Uric acid excreted
Acute sense of light, colour vision, extensive visual field
Birds
• Example:
Mammals
• Endothermic
• Skin covered by hair
• Lungs as respiratory organs, diaphragm present to
increase efficiency of the respiratory system
• Pinna present
• Internal fertilizaion
Mammals
• Example:
Chnidarians
• Diploblastic metazoa: ectoderm and endoderm separated
by mesogloea
• Tissue level of organization achieved
• The body wall encloses a central digestive cavity called
enteron
• No respiratory, circulatory or excretory system
• body is radial symmetrical
• presence of nematoblast
Chnidarians
• Example:
Annelids
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Matamerically segmented
Triploblastic coelomate
Body covered with thin cuticle
Chaetae typically present
Closed circulatory system
Annelids
• Example:
Molluscs
• triploblastic coelomate
• soft body divided into head, foot and visceral mass
• shell may be one spiral piece or with 2 valves joined by
ligaments, or may be enclosed inside the mantle
• blood contains respiratory pigment, circulated through an
open circulatory system
Molluscs
• Example:
Arthropods
• bilaterally symmetric
• metamerically segmented
• coelomate ,but body cavity consists of a haemocel, and the
coelom is much reduced to cavities of the gonads and the
excretory organs
• chitinous jointed exoskeleton
• open blood system
Arthropods
• Example:
Echinoderms
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penta-radial symmetrical
star-shaped
with calcerous spines on upper surface
possession of a water vascular system, a complex tubes
surrounding the mouth and passing into the arms and tube feet
• anus in the centre of aboral surface
• mouth in the middle of oral surface
Echinoderms
• Example:
References
• Yahoo search engine (for pictures)
• http://waynesword.palomar.edu/trfeb98.htm
• http://www.edp.ust.hk/biol/hkal/AL_classification/AL
_classification.htm
• Advanced-level Biology for Hong Kong-Y.K. Ho