Transcript 5 Levels of Organization

5 Levels of Organization
Pages 524-525
5 Levels of Organization
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
Cells
• Cells are the smallest
level of organization
in living things.
Tissue
• Cells + Cells = Tissue
• There are 4 types of tissue
in your body:
–
–
–
–
Connective (bone, blood)
Nerve
Epithelial (skin, linings)
Muscle
Organ
• Tissue + Tissue = Organ
• Organs are what we
usually think about when
we think about parts of
the body
Organ
• Connective tissue
makes up organs like
the bones, blood
vessels, tendons,
ligaments, etc…
Organ
• Nerve Tissue Makes
up organs like the
brain, spinal cord, and
nerves.
Organ
• Epithelial Tissue
makes up organs like
the skin, hair, and
fingernails
Organ
• Muscle tissue makes
up organs like the
heart, stomach,
kidneys, lungs,
biceps, etc…
Organ System
• Organ + Organ =
Organ System
• You have 11 organ
systems in your body.
11 organ systems of the body
Organ Systems
• 1- Integumentary System
• The integumentary system
is a temperature regulator,
sensory system, and
protects the organism. (first
line of defense.)
• Skin, hair, and fingernails
are some organs that make
up the integumentary
system.
Organ Systems
• Integumentary system facts:
– Skin is the largest organ in your
body.
– Skin is 16% of your body
weight
– You completely replace your
skin cells about once per
month.
– About 90% of dust in your
house is dead skin cells.
– Hair is the fastest growing
organ in the body
– Average #s of hairs:
• redheads= 80,000
• Brown/black = 100,000
• Blondes = 120,000
– Fingernails grow faster during
the summer and on your
dominant hand.
Organ Systems
• How would your life
be different without
your integumentary
system?
• How long do you think
you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 2- Muscular system
• The muscular system
allows us to move
• Biceps, triceps,
hamstring, and
quadriceps, are all
organs in the
muscular system.
Organ Systems
• Muscular system facts:
– The busiest muscles in
your muscular system are
your eyes. They move
more than 100,000 times
per day!
– The largest muscle in your
body is the gluteus
maximus
– It takes 17 muscles to
smile and 42 to frown.
– Muscles can’t push, they
can only pull.
– Muscles can’t function
without calcium.
Organ Systems
• How would your life
be different without
your muscular
system?
• How long do you think
you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 3- Skeletal system
• The skeletal system
provides support and
protection for vital
organs.
• Bones, ligaments,
and tendons are
some organs that
make up a skeletal
system.
Organ Systems
• Skeletal system facts:
– Your body has about 206
bones although you were born
with over 300 bones.
– You have the same number of
bones in your neck as a
giraffe does!
– Bone marrow makes blood
cells, but bones are alive, and
would die without blood.
– The longest bone in your body
is your femur. (Thigh)
– Your bones are about 60%
calcium compounds.
– Over half of the bones in your
entire body are in your hands
and feet.
Organ Systems
• How would your life
be different without
your skeletal system?
• How long do you think
you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 4- Nervous system
• The nervous system
sends messages that
control body functions
• The brain, spinal
cord, and nerves are
some organs in the
nervous system.
Organ Systems
• Nervous system facts:
– Your nervous system
functions using electricity.
– Messages can travel
through your neurons at
speeds of 250 mph!
– The avg. # of neurons in a
human brain is 100 billion.
– The longest neuron (nerve
cell) known to man is 15
feet long (in a giraffe leg).
– If you lined up all the
neurons in your body, it
would stretch 600 miles!
– An adult human brain
weighs about 3 pounds.
Organ Systems
• How would your life
be different without
your nervous system?
• How long do you think
you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 5- Endocrine System
• The endocrine system
produces chemicals
that control the body
(ex. Hormones)
• The adrenal glands,
pituitary gland (in
brain), thyroid, and
pancreas are all organs
in the endocrine
system.
Organ Systems
• Endocrine system facts:
– Steroids, insulin, and
adrenaline are 3 of the 30
hormones made by your
body.
– It only takes a tiny bit of a
hormone to cause a very
large reaction
– Physical growth, hyperactivity,
depression, stress, hunger
and many other emotions are
linked to hormone production.
Organ Systems
• How would your life
be different without
your endocrine
system?
• How long do you think
you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 6- Cardiovascular system
(circulatory)
• The cardiovascular system
carries food and oxygen to
the cells, and carries
carbon dioxide away from
the cells.
• Your heart, arteries, veins,
and capillaries, are organs
in the cardiovascular
system.
Organ Systems
• Cardiovascular system facts:
– The heart beats about
3,000,000,000 times during an
average lifetime.
– You have thousands of miles of
blood vessels and arteries in your
body. (you could wrap them
around the world twice.
– You have about 5 million red
blood cells, 10,000 white blood
cells, and 250,000 platelets in 1
drop of blood.
– Arteries take blood away from the
heart, and veins return it to the
heart.
– Moving helps return blood to your
heart
– You do NOT have blue blood!
Organ Systems
• How would your life
be different without
your cardiovascular
system?
• How long do you think
you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 7- Lymphatic system
(Immune system)
• The lymphatic system
returns leaked fluids to
blood vessels, and
helps fight off germs.
• Lymph nodes, lymph
vessels, thymus,
spleen, and tonsils are
all organs in the
lymphatic system.
Organ Systems
• Lymphatic system facts:
– Your lymph system releases
white blood cells to fight off
infection.
– Your lymph nodes swell up
when the fill up with white
blood cells (when you are
sick)
– Your spleen helps break down
and recycle RBCs.
– Your lymph system returns
about ½ cup of lymph fluid to
the heart per hour.
– Domestic birds don’t have
lymph nodes.
– Most of your lymph nodes are
in your armpits, neck, and
groin.
Organ Systems
• How would your life
be different without
your lymph system?
• How long do you think
you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 8- Respiratory system
• The respiratory system
exchanges oxygen for
carbon dioxide. (O2 in
and CO2 out).
• Lungs, Bronchi,
trachea, and
diaphragm are all
organs in the
respiratory system.
Organ Systems
• Respiratory system facts:
– You breathe in 21%
oxygen and .4% Carbon
dioxide, you breathe out
16% oxygen and 4%
carbon dioxide.
– You have the same surface
area on you lungs as a
tennis court.
– You breathe out about ½ of
a liter of water per day.
– Your right lung is slightly
larger than your left.
Organ Systems
• How would your life
be different without
your respiratory
system?
• How long do you think
you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 9- Digestive System
• The digestive system
breaks food down into
nutrients that can be
absorbed by the
body.
• The mouth, liver,
stomach, and
intestines are some of
the organs in the
digestive system.
Organ Systems
• Digestive system facts:
– The average stomach can
hold about 1.5 liters of
food.
– Your intestines are lined
with tiny projections called
villi. They increase the
surface area of your
intestines so you can
absorb as much as
possible.
– Your intestines are about
15 meters long!
– Food stays in your stomach
for 2-4 hours.
Organ Systems
• How would your life
be different without
your digestive
system?
• How long do you think
you could survive?
Organ Systems
•
•
•
10- Urinary System
(excretory)
The urinary system
removes waste from the
blood and regulates
body fluids.
Kidneys, ureters, and
the bladder are all
organs in the urinary
system.
Organ Systems
• Urinary system facts:
– Your bladder can hold
about 400 ml of urine.
– The blood in your body
passes through each
kidney 400 times per day.
– The kidneys use osmosis
to control the amount of
water in the blood.
– Caffeine and alcohol are
diuretics, which means that
they suppress the part of
your brain that tells your
body that you need to
retain water. (increases
urination - dehydration)
Organ Systems
• How would your life
be different without
your urinary system?
• How long do you think
you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 11- Reproductive
system
• The reproductive
system enables the
organism to produce
offspring
• Ovaries and uterus in
a female and testes in
a male are organs in
the reproductive
system.
Organ Systems
• Reproductive system
facts:
– The largest cell in the
human female body is the
egg in the ovaries.
– An adult male makes about
500 million sperm per day.
A female is born with about
600,000 immature eggs.
– A female body is capable
of giving birth to 35 children
in her lifetime.
Organ Systems
• Which organ system
do you think is most
important?
• Which organ systems
couldn’t function
without other organ
systems?
Quiz time!
• Which level of organization do each of the
following pictures belong to?
Quiz time!
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Quiz time!