Invertebrates
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Transcript Invertebrates
Invertebrates
JP Keller, Ryan Peterson
Sponges
Over 9,000 species
Live mostly in the oceans
and seas
Simplest creature known
to man
Phylum- Porifera
Sponges reproduce both
ways
Sexually- Sperm and Egg
released into water
Asexually- Budding
Body of a Sponge
They are not symmetric
They don’t grow from a central point
Their cells are not organized into tissues and organs
Individual cells can grow through a membrane
How a Sponge Eats
Collar cells pump water through sponge
One cubic centimeter of sponge can pump 20 liters
of water a day
The collar cells also trap food
The water is filtered to gather tiny animals and
protists for food
Cnidarian- Carnivores
They have symmetry and are
called true animals
Also called Eumetazoans
Embryonic stage
Three different levels of tissue
Ectoderm- outer body and
nervous system
Mesoderm- skeletons and
muscles
Endoderm- digestive organs
Phylum-Cnidaria, includes
jellyfish, hydra, corals and
anemones
Other phylum- ctenophore,
includes comb jellies and
delicate marine animals
Radially Symmetric
Body parts arranged around central point
Stinging cells- Cnidicytes, no other organism has
these, this is where the phylum name comes
from
Small barbed harpoon, called a nematocyst
Eating and Reproduction
Food trapped by a Cnidadore is introduced by
endocytosis and it is digested intracellularly
Sexually
Larvae find a spot to become a polyp
Polyp strobilates
Juveniles become mature
Asexually
They can either bud like sponges or divide themselves
Body Shape
Medusa- gelatinous, free floating and umbrella
shaped
They are the most common
Polyps-cylindrical pipe shaped and normally
attached to rocks
The Evolution of the Body Cavity
Bilateral symmetry
Left and right halves are symmetric
Top is called the Dorsal
Bottom- Ventral
Front-Anterior
Back-Posterior
Definite head
Move around head first
Sensory organs are here to detect food, mates, and possible
danger
Nematodes
Pseudocoelom- body cavity between the
endoderm and the mesoderm
Many advantages
circulation- allows for quick movement of fluid
Movement-fluid in body cavity makes body rigid for
muscle driven boy parts
Organ function- organs can function without muscle
interference
Key Characteristics
Mainly parasitic
Includes tape worms
Only bilaterally
symmetric animals that
don’t have a body cavity
Reproduce sexually
Occurs through the
exchange of sperm
Other Important Information
One way gut
7 animal phyla have a pseudocoelom
Only one has large amount of species
Nematodes- round worms
500,000-600,000 species
Nematode
13,000 named
One spade of dirt- 1 million nematodes
Even More Important Information
Phylum- platyhelminthes
20,000 species
Mostly flat worms
Simplest animal with
organs
No internal body cavity
No circulatory system
Only one opening
Mouth food enters and
exits
More on Nematodes
Some can be parasitic, infect humans
Layer of muscle extends the length of body
Beneath a flexible thick layer of epidermis and cuticle
Muscle pushes against the cuticle and pseudocoelom to move
worm
Mollusks
Largest phylum except for arthropods
Body cavity called a Coelom
Fluid filled cavity in the mesoderm
They have primary induction- one layer interacts
with another
Over 100,000 species
Physical contact of mesoderm and endoderm
Least advanced because their bodies aren’t
segmented
Other information about the
fascinating mollusk
They have a circulatory system that move
nutrients, oxygen, and waste
a circulatory system is a system of vessels that carry
fluids to every part of the body
The heart(s) power this system
They’re called the most successful land animals
35,000 terrestrial mollusk species
Physical Characteristics
Three main body parts
Visceral mass- central
section that contains
organs
Mantle- heavy fold of
tissues around the visceral
mass
Gills in aquatic snails
Simple lungs in terrestrial
Every mollusk has a
muscular foot!!
Mollusk Reproduction
Almost all mollusks reproduce sexually
There are both male and female mollusks