Transcript The Poultry Industry

The Poultry Industry
One of the fastest growing
segments of the animal
industry
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Modern Breed of chickens
Single Comb White leghorn
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Modern Breed of chickens
Single Rhode Island Red
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Modern Breed of chickens
New Hampshire
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Modern Breed of chickens
White Plymouth Rock
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Modern Breed of chickens
Cornish
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Modern Breed of chickens
Barred Plymouth Rock
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Modern Breed of chickens
Light Sussex
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Modern Breed of chickens
White leg horn
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Poultry
Broiler
Layer
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Poultry
Desi Breed
Desi Breed
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Chicken Anatomy
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Chicken Digestive system
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Chicken Respiratory system
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Chicken Respiratory system
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The Broiler Industry
• Today, almost all of the poultry is raised in large operations
• The term broiler refers to chickens which are about 7-8 weeks
of age and are raised for meat.
• Generally lighted 24 hours a day
• Helps cut down on cannibalism
• Process begins with the production of eggs that will be hatched
into chicks.
• Parents are selected from breeds that are large and muscular
• Most are hybrids derived from mating of different breeds
• usually mated through artificial insemination results in hybrid
vigor
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Egg Production
• Eggs are expelled from the hens body and the embryo develops
outside the mother’s body.
• Eggs are encased in a hard shell and can weigh several ounces
• Process begins with the release of the ovum (yolk) from the
ovary
• If the female has been mated, the ovum will be fertilized within
the infundibulum.
• The albumin or white of the egg is secreted by cells in the
magnum.
• Chalazae is formed, It is a ropelike substance which holds the
yolk in place in the center of the egg.
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Egg Production
• Inner and outer shell membranes are formed in the isthmus
• The shell is formed in the uterus
• In 18-20 hours the shell is completed and moves to the vagina
and out of the hens body.
• Some facilities collect eggs with the use of a conveyor belt
• The egg rolls out of the nest box and onto the belt
• Eggs must be kept clean and free from contamination
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Egg hatching
• Eggs are stored at 70-80 degrees until being placed in the
hatchery
• within 48 hours after incubation begins the embryo has
developed a circulatory system
• Circulatory system sustains life by carrying nourishment from
the yolk to the embryo
• Eggs are turned at least two times per day
• Turning eggs keeps the embryo from sticking to the inside of
the shell
• By the end of the first week, embryos are recognizable as
chickens
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Egg hatching
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Egg hatching
• After two weeks, the chicks are covered with down
• incubation takes about 21 days.
• After hatching, chicks are removed from the incubator, dried
off, cleaned, and placed in a warm dry environment.
• The chicks are sexed and separated into groups.
• At one day of age chicks are vaccinated and the beaks are
trimmed to prevent canabalism.
• Chicks are then placed in ventilated cardboard boxes to be
shipped to the broiler house.
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Broiler Breeder Selection
Keep - Cull
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Broiler Breeder Placement
Is this chicken keep or cull?
A.
Cull
B.
Keep
If Cull, choose a reason
A. Cross Beak
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Broiler Breeder Placement
Is this chicken keep or cull?
A.
Cull
B.
Keep
If Cull, choose a reason
A. Cross Beak
B. Discolored or swollen hocks
C. Leg or foot abnormalities
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Broiler Breeder Placement
Is this chicken keep or cull?
A.
Cull
B.
Keep
If Cull, choose a reason
A. Cross Beak
B. Discolored or swollen hocks
C. Leg or foot abnormalities
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Broiler Breeder Placement
Is this chicken keep or cull?
A.
Cull
B.
Keep
If Cull, choose a reason
A. Cross Beak
B. Discolored or swollen hocks
C. Leg or foot abnormalities
D. Crooked toes, greater than 90º
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STRESSORS
Mold &
Mycotoxins
NH3/H2S
Dust
Heat
Cold
Vaccination
Rough
Handling
Poor
Ventilation
Parasites
Loud Noises
Poor
Sanitation
Humidity
Weighing
Dirty Water
Pecking
Order
Molting
Beak
Trimming
Nutritional
Deficiencies
Crowding
Feed
Restriction
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
Poor Litter
Quality
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COMMERCIAL BROILERS
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SIMILAR BASIC REQUIREMENTS
…FOR…
BROODING
NUTRITION
HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT
MANAGEMENT
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Brooding
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ALL THE BIRD’S BODY
SYSTEMS ARE DEVELOPING
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1-DAY OLD BROILER CHICK
RESIDUAL YOLK
IMMATURE
DIGESTIVE TRACT
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Gut development
1 WEEK
OF AGE
HATCH
TOTAL MASS IS 4 FOLD
GREATER THAN REST OF BODY
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DURING EMBRYOGENESIS
THE DIGESTIVE TRACT DEVELOPS
BEFORE THE BRAIN
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BROODING
COMMERCIAL SCALE
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BROODING
SMALL SCALE
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BROODING UNITS
LAMP-TYPE BROODER
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BROODING
BROODING HEAT SOURCES
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BROODING UNITS
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WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO DETERMINE
IF THE CHICKS ARE COMFORTABLE
IN THE BROODER ?
THE CHICKS WILL TELL YOU
IF THEY ARE COMFORTABLE
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BROODING
THE CHICKS WILL TELL YOU IF THEY ARE COMFORTABLE
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BODY WEIGHT
TODAY’S MEAT-TYPE BIRDS
GROW VERY RAPIDLY
1000 HOURS
AGE
MOST CRITICAL PERIOD
42 DAYS
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Gut development
….FACT….
WHEN FEED INTAKE DECLINES
GUT DEVELOPMENT DECLINES
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Crop fill
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IMPORTANT NUTRITIONAL CONCEPT
NUTRITION
IS FIXED
NUTRITION
IS NOT FIXED
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NUTRITIONALLY SPEAKING
WHAT ARE THE ONLY SIX
THINGS CHICKENS NEED ?
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SIX MAJOR NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATE
LIPID
PROTEIN
VITAMINS
MINERALS
WATER
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VERY IMPORTANT CONCEPT OF
NUTRITION TO REMEMBER
…..ENERGY IS
NOT A NUTRIENT…..
IT IS A “PROPERTY” OF THREE NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATE
LIPID
PROTEIN
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VERY IMPORTANT CONCEPT OF POULTRY
NUTRITION TO REMEMBER
MOST POULTRY
EAT THE AMOUNT OF FEED THEY NEED IN
ORDER TO MEET AN ENERGY REQUIREMENT
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IMPORTANT FACT TO REMEMBER
…TODAY…
FEED COSTS REPRESENT APPROXIMATELY
75% OF THE TOTAL COST OF
PRODUCING MEAT AND EGGS
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“General Nutrition”
“CONVENTIONAL PRODUCTION”
1) USE THE CORRECT FEED FOR EACH AGE & BIRD TYPE
STARTER
GROWER
FINISHER
LAYER
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GIZZARD & PROVENTRICULUS
(VENTRICULUS)
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KOILIN LINING
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KOILIN LINING OF GIZZARD
GROOVES
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GRIT
FED FOR ONLY ONE PURPOSE
NOT NECESSARY IF MASH OR PELLETS ARE FED ALONE
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GIZZARD
GRIT
KOILIN LAYER
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HOW MUCH WATER WILL POULTRY DRINK
?
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BROILER AGE AND WATER CONSUMPTION
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DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION
“BROILERS”
(UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS)
DAYS OF AGE X 6 ML
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