Transcript PowerPoint
Circulation
Circulatory System
Carries blood & related cells
through body
Move nutrients
Move gases
Move wastes
Fight disease
Maintain temperature
Maintain homeostatis
No Circulatory System
Osmosis & diffusion
Exchanges across cell membrane
Protozoans
Exchanges across epidermal & gut
walls
Cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms
Exchanges with coelomic fluids
Echinoderms
Open Circulatory System
Most mollusks, all arthropods
Heart, open vessels
Hemolymph
Colorless
No respiratory pigments
Doesn’t transport gasses
Hemocoel
Hemocyanin
Pigment in most mollusks, some
arthropods
25% as efficient as hemoglobin
Efficient due to lack of gas
transport
Closed Circulatory System
Annelids, cephalopods, all
vertebraes
Blood confined to heart & blood
vessels
Capillaries—site of exchange
Hemoglobin
Gas & nutrient carrier
Specialized organs for gas
exchange
Closed Circulatory System
2 Chambered Heart
Sharks, fish
One atrium, one ventricle
3 Chambered Heart
Amphibians, reptiles
Two atria, one ventricle
Oxygenated & deoxygenated blood mix
4 Chambered Heart
Alligators/crocodiles, birds, mammals
Two atria, two ventricles
Oxygenated & deoxygenated blood separate
Closed Circulatory System
Heart
Atria
Thin-walled
Receive blood from veins
Ventricles
Thick-walled
Receive blood from atria
Pump blood to lungs/gills
& body
Atrioventricular valves
Tricuspid—Right atrium &
ventricle
Mitral (bicuspid)—Left
atrium & ventricle
Semilunar valves
Pulmonary—Right atrium
& pulmonary artery
Aortic—Left atrium &
aorta
Veins
Capillaries
(Deoxygenated)
Right Atrium
Body
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary
Artery
Aorta
Lungs
(Oxygenated)
Left ventricle
Left Atrium
Pulmonary Vein
Circulation
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart
Usually carry oxygenated
blood
Thick, muscular walls
Arterioles
Smaller arteries
Regulate blood pressure
through constriction &
dilation
Blood Vessels
Capillaries
Simple squamous epithelium
Most numerous vessels
Site of nutrient & gas exchange
Blood Vessels
Veins
Carry blood towards heart
Usually carry unoxygenated blood
Thin walls
Low blood pressure
One-way valves
Blood moves by muscle contraction
Blood
Plasma
90% water
Ions, gasses, nutrients, proteins,
wastes
Transport medium
Approximately 55% of total blood
volume
Cells
White, red, platelets
Made in red marrow
Blood
Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs)
Contain hemoglobin
Non-nucleated in mammals
Live 120 days
Thrombocytes (platelets)
Blood clotting
Live 7 days
Leukocytes (white blood
cells, WBCs)
Neutrophils
40-75%
Phagocytize bacteria, fungi
Lymphocytes
20-45%
Cells w/ viruses & bacteria
Tumor cells
Monocytes
2-6%
Bacteria, fungi, cellular
debris
Eosinophils
1-6%
Parasites, allergies
Basophils
<1%
Allergies
Blood Types
Antigens on surface of RBCs
Body “reads” these, develops antibodies to any not “self”
At next exposure, antibodies attach, causing clumping
Blood groups vary by animals
Humans—4
A, B, AB, O
Cats—3
A (vast majority), B, AB
Dogs—8
DEA 1-8 (DEA 4 & 6 on 98%)
Horses—8
A, C, D, K, P, Q, T, U
Blood Types
ABO—Humans
Type O
45% of population
Neither A nor B antigen
Anti-A, Anti-B
Receive only from O
“Universal donor”
Type A
41% of population
A antigen
Anti-B
Receive from A or O
Type B
10% of population
B antigen
Anti-A
Receive from B or O
Type AB
4% of popuation
A and B antigen
No antibodies
“Universal recipient”
Blood Types
Rhesus factor
Rh positive—have antigen (85%)
Rh negative—do not have
antigen, produce anti-Rh
antibodies (15%)
If mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+,
her antibodies can attack baby’s
RBCs
First child usually normal
Lymphatic System
Collects excessive fluid filtered out in capillaries
Returns excessive water & solutes to blood stream
Movement due to valves, muscle contraction
Lymphatic System
Functions as part of immune system
Lymph nodes
Destroy pathogens & cellular debris
Cells rapidly divide with infecion
Spleen
Filters pathogens
Filters dead or dying RBCs