Transcript PowerPoint

Circulation
Circulatory System
 Carries blood & related cells
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through body
Move nutrients
Move gases
Move wastes
Fight disease
Maintain temperature
Maintain homeostatis
No Circulatory System
 Osmosis & diffusion
 Exchanges across cell membrane
 Protozoans
 Exchanges across epidermal & gut
walls
 Cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms
 Exchanges with coelomic fluids
 Echinoderms
Open Circulatory System
 Most mollusks, all arthropods
 Heart, open vessels
 Hemolymph
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Colorless
No respiratory pigments
Doesn’t transport gasses
 Hemocoel
 Hemocyanin
 Pigment in most mollusks, some
arthropods
 25% as efficient as hemoglobin
 Efficient due to lack of gas
transport
Closed Circulatory System
 Annelids, cephalopods, all
vertebraes
 Blood confined to heart & blood
vessels
 Capillaries—site of exchange
 Hemoglobin
 Gas & nutrient carrier
 Specialized organs for gas
exchange
Closed Circulatory System
 2 Chambered Heart
 Sharks, fish
 One atrium, one ventricle
 3 Chambered Heart
 Amphibians, reptiles
 Two atria, one ventricle
 Oxygenated & deoxygenated blood mix
 4 Chambered Heart
 Alligators/crocodiles, birds, mammals
 Two atria, two ventricles
 Oxygenated & deoxygenated blood separate
Closed Circulatory System
Heart
 Atria
 Thin-walled
 Receive blood from veins
 Ventricles
 Thick-walled
 Receive blood from atria
 Pump blood to lungs/gills
& body
 Atrioventricular valves
 Tricuspid—Right atrium &
ventricle
 Mitral (bicuspid)—Left
atrium & ventricle
 Semilunar valves
 Pulmonary—Right atrium
& pulmonary artery
 Aortic—Left atrium &
aorta
Veins
Capillaries
(Deoxygenated)
Right Atrium
Body
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary
Artery
Aorta
Lungs
(Oxygenated)
Left ventricle
Left Atrium
Pulmonary Vein
Circulation
Blood Vessels
 Arteries
 Carry blood away from heart
 Usually carry oxygenated
blood
 Thick, muscular walls
 Arterioles
 Smaller arteries
 Regulate blood pressure
through constriction &
dilation
Blood Vessels
 Capillaries
 Simple squamous epithelium
 Most numerous vessels
 Site of nutrient & gas exchange
Blood Vessels
 Veins
 Carry blood towards heart
 Usually carry unoxygenated blood
 Thin walls
 Low blood pressure
 One-way valves
 Blood moves by muscle contraction
Blood
 Plasma
 90% water
 Ions, gasses, nutrients, proteins,
wastes
 Transport medium
 Approximately 55% of total blood
volume
 Cells
 White, red, platelets
 Made in red marrow
Blood
 Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs)
 Contain hemoglobin
 Non-nucleated in mammals
 Live 120 days
 Thrombocytes (platelets)
 Blood clotting
 Live 7 days
 Leukocytes (white blood
cells, WBCs)
 Neutrophils
 40-75%
 Phagocytize bacteria, fungi
 Lymphocytes
 20-45%
 Cells w/ viruses & bacteria
 Tumor cells
 Monocytes
 2-6%
 Bacteria, fungi, cellular
debris
 Eosinophils
 1-6%
 Parasites, allergies
 Basophils
 <1%
 Allergies
Blood Types
 Antigens on surface of RBCs
 Body “reads” these, develops antibodies to any not “self”
 At next exposure, antibodies attach, causing clumping
 Blood groups vary by animals
 Humans—4
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A, B, AB, O
 Cats—3
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A (vast majority), B, AB
 Dogs—8
 DEA 1-8 (DEA 4 & 6 on 98%)
 Horses—8
 A, C, D, K, P, Q, T, U
Blood Types
 ABO—Humans
 Type O
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45% of population
Neither A nor B antigen
Anti-A, Anti-B
Receive only from O
“Universal donor”
 Type A
 41% of population
 A antigen
 Anti-B
 Receive from A or O
 Type B
 10% of population
 B antigen
 Anti-A
 Receive from B or O
 Type AB
 4% of popuation
 A and B antigen
 No antibodies
 “Universal recipient”
Blood Types
 Rhesus factor
 Rh positive—have antigen (85%)
 Rh negative—do not have
antigen, produce anti-Rh
antibodies (15%)
 If mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+,
her antibodies can attack baby’s
RBCs
 First child usually normal
Lymphatic System
 Collects excessive fluid filtered out in capillaries
 Returns excessive water & solutes to blood stream
 Movement due to valves, muscle contraction
Lymphatic System
 Functions as part of immune system
 Lymph nodes
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Destroy pathogens & cellular debris
Cells rapidly divide with infecion
 Spleen
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Filters pathogens
Filters dead or dying RBCs