Transcript Arthropoda
An Exciting And an Educational Animalia Arthropod Adventure Adventure! Mr. Ellery Duncan Wealot (Mr. Wee) Presents… Animalia (Metazoa) • Animals are alive. – 5 properties of life • Animals are all multicellular. • They are all heterotrophs- they don’t make their own energy. • Their cells don’t have chloroplasts or cell walls. Importance Arthropods are the most successful animals on the planet! • They make up over 75% of known living and fossilized organisms. •Some estimates count tens of millions of species on the planet. •They have conquered… Arthropods have been responsible for some of the most devastating plagues and famines known to man! (malaria, typhus, yellow fever, lyme disease, encephalitis, bubonic plague). We’re still bigger than they are. They also pollinate all of those pretty flowers! Scorpions Arachnida Spiders Main Classes Included: Ticks Mites Lobsters Crustacea (Slipper Lobster) Crabs Pillbugs (roly poly) Shrimp Chilopoda (Centipedes) Diplopoda (Millepedes) African Giant Millipede Chinese Red Head Centipedes Hexapoda (insects) The Bee Hissing Cockroach The Ladybug The Mosquito Hercules Beetle Hercules Beetle Trilobitomorpha • Dominant marine animal 345 to 600 Million years ago. • Extinct Characteristics • Characterized by: – Paired, jointed appendages • Bilateral symmetry – – – – Segmented bodies Exoskeletons Open Circulatory System Dorsal brain and ventral nerve chord • Greek: – Arthron-joint – Podos-foot Jointed appendages • Appendage- A part or organ, such as an arm, leg, tail, or fin, that is joined to the axis or trunk of a body • Appendage- a limb or analogous part • Appendage- a subordinate or derivative body part ff • In arthropods, appendages are paired and have joints. How many appendages does Eduardo Smartness Check! The Elephant have? I have 6 appendages! 6 1 2 3 4 5 Bilateral Symmetry A Mediterranean Jumping Spider More Symmetry! The Exoskeleton • Reduces water loss • Protects arthropods from the environment. • Muscles are attached to the exoskeleton. • In order to grow, arthropods must shed their exoskeleton (known as molting or ecdysis) – Immediately after a molt, they are very vulnerable because the exoskeleton needs time to harden. Exoskeleton Structure • Composed mainly of a modified form of chitin – A polysaccharide with Nitrogen – Lots of Hydrogen bonds • Chitin is secreted from the epidermis. • Exoskeleton is divided into plates – Points where plates separate create different segments of the body. Chitin Molecule Circulatory System • Open Circulatory system • Hemocoelic Body Cavity- space between organs where blood flows • 1 Big Dorsal heart pump with pores. – Blood goes in through the pores and is pumped to the brain. Ventral Nerve Cord – Like a spinal cord, but in invertebrates. – Bundle of nerves and ganglia • No bones – Ganglia: mass of tissue A FLEA WITH A TINY BRAIN –In little insects, brain is often simply a mass of ganglia. A Life Lesson • Life Cycle involves eggs, larvae, pupa (just certain insects), and adult. • Egg Stage: Stinging Rose Caterpillar Stinging Rose Adult – All arthropods, except scorpions, lay eggs. • Larvae/Nymph Stage: – In some species, larvae are mini adults that grow bigger. • Adult: Spider Eggs Making Babies • Arthropods get very creative… • Terrestrial: usually sexual • Marine: Females usually lay eggs that are fertilized by the male. • Parthenogenesis in some species. – Asexual – Growth and development of embryos occurs without fertilization. Millipedes making love: Barnacles • Barnacles are hermaphroditic crustaceans– they have both male and female reproductive organs. • They still try to reproduce sexually whenever possible. • But barnacles can’t move. • They are also blind. • So they have evolved to fight the odds… • Barnacles have a penis 8 times the size of their body. • Proportionally, it is the largest penis in the animal kingdom. • When a barnacle is ready to mate, it extends its penis into the water and feels around for another barnacle. • Upon locating one, it inserts its penis into the ovum. • Sperm, fertilization, and more barnacles follow. Silverfish • Insects, not fish. • Mating involves the use of spermatophores: little waterproof packages of sperm. Mating: • Upon meeting, the male and the female begin a ritualistic dance. • This “mating dance” can last over half an hour. • Eventually, the male releases his spermatophore onto the ground. • The female picks it up via her ovipositor and fertilizes her eggs. • Other animals, such as arachnids, also release spermatophores. • Many of them perform similar dances and rituals. • Others just leave their packages on the ground and hope that the female will find them. REVIEW • Classes included: – Arachnids, crustaceans, millipedes, centipedes, insects. • Characteristics – – – – – – Paired, jointed appendages Bilateral symmetry Segmented bodies Exoskeletons Open Circulatory System Dorsal brain and ventral nerve chord • Terrestrial animals usually reproduce sexually. • Marine Animals usually reproduce asexually. • Life cycle: – Egg, larvae, sometimes pupa, adult ¡OOOH! ¡Ommatidia! SOURCES • • • • • • • • • • • • Biology Book http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthrop oda/arthropoda.html www.dictionary.com www.wikipedia.org http://www.registrationsite.org/butterflie s/arthropodoverview.pdf http://faculty.evansville.edu/de3/b1080 4/PDFs/10_Arthropoda.pdf http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/ site/accounts/information/Animalia.html My mom explained a lot of big words. http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/ 4015/morpology/ http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent42 5/tutorial/circulatory.html http://animals.about.com/od/arthropod s/a/tenfactsarthropods.htm http://animals.about.com/od/arthropod s/p/arthropoda.htm • • • • • • • • • http://www.math.uu.se/~uwe/Statistik_o ch_Biologi_VT2009/index.html http://www.oceanicresearch.org/educa tion/wonders/arthropods.htm http://www.historyplace.com/worldhisto ry/famine/hunger.htm http://www.oddee.com/item_90608.asp x http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/blueplanet/fa ctfiles/crustaceans/acorn_barnacle_bg.s html http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biolog y_203/Summaries/Protostomes.htm http://www.scienceclarified.com/AlAs/Arthropods.html http://science.jrank.org/pages/523/Arthro pods.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/blueplanet/fa ctfiles/crustaceans/acorn_barnacle_bg.s html