Transcript Human Body Systems

Human Body Systems
Functions of the
Skeletal System
1. Provides shape &
support
2. Helps you move
3. Protects organs
4. Produces blood
cells
5. Stores certain
minerals
Organs of the Skeletal
System
• Bones
• Cartilage
• L i g a m e n t
B o n e B o n e
Bone Marrow
• Marrow – soft connective tissue
found in spaces in bone
– Red marrow
• Produces the body’s blood cells
– Yellow marrow
• Stores fat (energy reserve)
Functions of the
Muscular System
1. Helps the body move
2. Moves food through the
digestive system
3. Keeps the heart beating
Muscle Action
• Involuntary muscle
– Muscles not under your conscious
control
• Ex: muscles used for breathing &
digesting food
• Voluntary muscles
– Muscles that are under your
conscious control
• Ex: Smiling, turning the pages in a
book, walking to class
Organs of the Muscular
System: Muscles Types
• Skeletal Muscle
– Attached to bones &
move bones using tendons
• Connective tissue attaching
muscles to bones
– Striated, or banded
– Voluntary
Organs of the Muscular
System: Muscle Types
• Smooth Muscle
– Inside many internal organs
– Involuntary
– Ex: Stomach
Organs of the Muscular
System: Muscle Types
• Cardiac Muscle
– Found only in the heart
– Involuntary
– Never gets tired
(unlike skeletal muscles)
• T
e n d o n
M u s c l e
How do muscles work?
• Muscles move by contracting, or
becoming shorter
• Must work in pairs
– One contracts, the other returns to
its original length
Functions of the
Digestive
System
1. Breaks
down food into
molecules
2. Rids the body
body of
cansolid
use waste
the
Roles of Organs
• Mouth – mechanical & chemical
digestion starts here
– Mechanical – physically breaking
down food (teeth)
– Chemical – breakdown of molecules
of food (saliva)
• Esophagus – muscular tube
connecting the mouth to the
stomach
– Peristalsis (muscle contraction)
moves the food
Roles of Organs
• Epiglottis- flap that keeps
food from entering the trachea
• Stomach
– Most mechanical digestion takes
place
– Some chemical with the help of
digestive juices (enzymes & acids)
• Small Intestine
– Most of the chemical digestion
takes place
Roles of Organs
• Large Intestine
– Water is absorbed into the
bloodstream
– Remaining material is readied for
elimination from the body
• Rectum & Anus
– Waste material is compressed into
solid form
– Opening where waste exits the body
Roles of
Accessory/Secondary
Organs:
• Liver
– Produces bile used in the
digestion of fat
• Gallbladder
– Stores bile until it is needed in
the small intestine
• Pancreas
– Produces other digestive juices
that are sent to the small
intestine for digestion
Functions of the
Circulatory System
Carries needed
substances to
cells and
carries wastes
away from
cells.
Organs of the
Circulatory System
Heart
1.
• -4 chambers:
• Right & left
atria
• Right & left
ventricle
2. Blood vessels
• -veins
• -arteries
• -capillaries
3. Blood
• -plasma
• -platelets
• -red blood cells
• -white blood
cells
Functions of the
Respiratory System
1.Moves oxygen from the
outside environment
into the body.
2. It also removes
carbon dioxide
and water from the
body.
Organs of the
Respiratory System
• Path of air into the body:
nose
bronchi
pharynx
alveoli
The diaphragm is the
muscle underneath the
lungs that
aids in the breathing
process.
trachea
Functions of the Nervous
System
1.Receives information
about what is
happening inside &
outside of the body.
2.Directs the body’s
response to this
information.
(Remember stimulus and
response?)
Organs of the Nervous
System
• Brain
• Nerves (neurons – nerve cells)
• Spinal Cord
Central Nervous System
• Brain - controls most functions in
the body
– Cerebrum
• Interprets input from the senses
• Controls movement of skeletal muscles
• Complex mental processes (learning)
– Cerebellum
• Coordinates muscle actions & balance
– Brainstem (medulla)
• Controls involuntary actions (ex:
breathing)
• Spinal cord - link between brain &
Functions of the
Integumentary System
(Skin)
1. Covers the body & prevents
water loss
2. Protects the body from
injury & infection
3. Regulates body temperature
4. Eliminate wastes
(perspiration)
5. Gathers information about
the environment
6. Produces vitamin D
Layers of the Skin
• Epidermis
– Outermost layer
– No nerves or blood vessels
– Surface is made of dead cells
(provide protection)
• Dermis
– Lower layer of the skin
– Contains nerves, blood vessels,
sweat glands, hairs & oil glands
The Skin
Function of the Urinary
System:
1. Filter wastes from blood
2. Eliminate liquid wastes (urine)
from the body
– KidneysUrinary System:
– Eliminate urea, excess water, &
some other waste materials
– Filter wastes from the blood
– Produce urine
– Ureters
– Tubes that transport urine to
the bladder from the kidneys
– Urinary Bladder
– Stores urine until it can be
released from the body
– Urethra
– Tube that carries urine out of the
Function of the
Excretory
Systems:
All of the organs/systems
collect and remove wastes from
the body.
•
Excretory
Systems/Organs:
Urinary System
– The kidneys filter wastes from the
blood & and removes urine (liquid
waste) from the body
• Digestive System
– The lg. intestine, rectum, & anus
help remove solid wastes from the
body
• Respiratory System
– The lungs remove carbon dioxide
produced during cellular
respiration