Transcript About the Phylum

Kingdom
Animalia
Invertebrates
Table of Contents
• Phylum Porifera
• Phylum Cnidaria
• Phylum Ctenophora
• Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Phylum Arthopoda
• Subphylum Chelicerata
• Subphylum Crustacea
• Subphylum Uniramia
•Phylum Echinodermata
• Phylum Rotifera
• Phylum Nematoda
• Phylum Mollusca
• Phylum Annelida
*martin
Back
Phylum Porifera
(“Pore-bearer” - Sponges)
Classes
Major Characteristics
About the Phylum
1.
Asymmetrical
2.
Spongin and spicules make up skeleton
and lack tissue and organs
3.
Osculum, an opening at the top of the
sponge gathers food
4.
Reproduce both sexually and asexually
5.
Sessile
6.
Diffusion of oxygen through cells
7.
Marine
8.
Two germ layers
*Crew
•
Simplest invertebrates
•
Made up of sponges
•
Comes from the Latin word “Pore-bearer”
*Johnson
Back
Classes of Porifera
Class Calcarea
(Calcareous Sponges)
Class Demospongiae
These sponges live
in marine shallow watered
habitats. They are very small
(usually only a few inches) but
they are brightly colored. They are
also very rough textured. Their
spicules are composed of calcium
carbonate. Some fossils of these
can be found near the shore of
tropical islands but some have
been known to be found 4000 ft in
the ocean.
(Demosponges)
*Remsem
Class Hexactinellida
These sponges can live in
both fresh water and ocean water. They
bore themselves on rocks and mollusks.
They are very small but this class also
contains the majority of Sponges. They
are a soft yellow color and usually
spend there lives in tunnels or shallow
waters.
(Glass Sponges)
*Madl
These sponges live in
the deep sea and are cup-like and
are a pale color. These sponges
supply a home for many varieties of
shrimp. They are characterized by
their siliceous spicules. These are
the only sponges that do not have
the ability to contract. However,
they have electrical impulses that
allow them to react quickly to
external stimuli. They live anywhere
between 200 and 1000 m in the
Antarctic.
Houseman*
Back
Phylum Cnidaria
(“Stinging cells” - Jellyfish, Corals,
etc.)
Economic Importance
Classes
Major Characteristics
They do not impact the
economy directly but they do impact
fishing industries. Therefore they
impact humans in a negative way.
About the Phylum
•
Cells are organized into tissues
•
Have few simple organs
•
Aquatic invertebrates
*Radar
*Aquascope
1.
Radially symmetrical
2.
Two cell layers
3.
Cnidocytes for capturing prey
4.
Reproduce sexually and asexually
5.
Can be polyps or medusas
6.
Live in oceans or freshwater
7.
Diffusion of oxygen through tissues
Back
Classes of Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
(Anenomies, Corals, etc)
Also known as
“flower animals”. They live only as
polyps but are brightly colored.
They shelter many different kinds
of animals.
Class Hydrozoa
*Crawford
Lab*
(Portuguese Man Of War, Obelia, etc)
Hydrozoas can live as
polyps, medusa, or mixed colonies.
Some are hermaphrodites and some
just have separate genders. They also
produce both sexually and asexually.
Class Cubozoa
(Box Jellies)
Known as “Sea
Wasps”. They can be found only
in Australia and other tropical
places and are known for their
venom. They are named for their
cube-shaped Medusa.
Class Scyphozoa
(Jellyfish)
Jellyfish are the
main invertebrates of this class.
They spend most of their time as
medusas and are known as “cup
animals”.
*Nilsson
*Kay
Back
Phylum Ctenophora
(“Comb Holder” - Nonstinging Jellies)
Economic Importance
Pictures
Major Characteristics
Species in this phylum affect
humans in many ways. First of all,
they greatly control the plankton
population underwater. They also
make beautiful sights for people to
look at when they go diving or
snorkeling. Finally, they represent an
important step in pelagic organic
matter transformations.
1.
Radially Symmetrical
2.
Apical Organ
3.
Colloblasts
4.
Hermaphrodite, asexually, and sexually
About the Phylum 5.
•
*Messmore
More complex than
sponges
•
Live in the Ocean
•
Includes 100 species
Medusa
6.
Marine
7.
Live in a protective shell until they
hatch
8.
Diffusion of oxygen through tissues
*Anderson
Back
Pictures of Ctenophora
*Taylor
*Schories
*Schories
Back
Phylum Platyhelminthes
(Flatworms)
Economic Importance
Classes
Major Characteristics
Species in this Phylum have
very little economic importance to
humans. They can in fact make
people sick and die, other than that
they’re pretty pointless to us, how
sad.
About the Phylum
•
More complex than
previous phylums
•
Simplest animals with
bilateral symmetry
•
Has three classes
*PLP
1.
Bilateral Symmetry
2.
Excretory, nervous, and reproductive
systems
3.
Live off hosts
4.
Asexual, hermaphrodites
5.
Free living
6.
Inside of a host
7.
Diffusion of oxygen through tissues
Back
Classes of Platyhelminthes
Class Trematoda/Monogenea
Class Cestoidea
(Flukes)
The species in these class are parasitic
flukes. They are similar to the species in Class Turbellaria
in the way they look but are different in the since that
instead of living in waters they live inside of a hosts body.
(Tapeworms)
The species in this
class are tapeworms. Tapeworms
are sucky things to get in your
body because they live in your
intestines and feed off of you.
They are also very ribbon-like in
structure and have little suckers.
Class Turbellaria
UoA*
(Free Living Worms)
Most species in this
class are dwellers in marine and
freshwaters. They live on rocks,
sand, and vegetation. They have a
thick mucus that covers their
entire body and protects them
from harm.
Gills*
*UoA
Back
Phylum Rotifera
Economic Importance
(Spiny-headed Worms)
Pictures
Major Characteristics
There really isn’t one, they
pretty much just exist.
About the Phylum
1.
Bilateral symmetry
2.
Sensory organs and nerve cells
3.
Eats through a single opening
•
Contain a fluid-filled space
4.
sexually
•
Has a space that holds
internal organs
5.
Free living
6.
Lives inside of a host
Also serves as a protective
storage area
7.
Diffusion of oxygen through tissues
•
*Random
Sorenson*
Back
Pictures of Rotifera
*Tsukii
*Storenson
*Tsukii
*ELI
Back
Phylum Nematoda
Economic Importance
(Roundworms)
Once again, there really isn’t
one, they pretty much just exist.
They also make you sick.
Pictures
Major Characteristics
1.
Bilateral Symmetry
2.
Excretory, nervous, and reproductive
systems
About the Phylum 3.
Live off hosts
•
Contain a fluid-filled space 4.
Asexual, hermaphrodites
•
Has a space that holds
internal organs
Free living
•
*Tsukii
5.
6.
Also serves as a protective
7.
storage area
Inside of a host
Diffusion of oxygen through tissues
Back
Pictures of Nematoda
*BSC
*Apoc
*???
*CSIRO
Back
Phylum Mollusca
Economic Importance
(“Soft-bodied” - Mollusks)
Classes
Major Characteristics
Oysters and Blue Muscles
have an economic importance
because they’re good to eat.
Also the Zebra Muscle can be
a pest.
About the Phylum
1.
Bilateral System
2.
Nervous, Circulatory systems
3.
Filter feeding, and fast moving
predators
•
Latin name meaning “Soft” 4.
Sexually
•
Have soft bodies and hard 5.
shells
Some swim, some are sessile, and
some crawl on ocean floors
*Filer
6.
Oceans
7.
Diffusion of oxygen through tissues
Back
Classes of Mollusca
Class Cephalopoda
Class Gastropoda
(Octopus)
(Snails)
This class includes octopuses,
squids, and cuttlefishes. They are
marine animals that specialize in
free swimming and predatory
existence. They have tentacles
with powerful suction cups that
allow them to grasp objects and
capture prey.
The largest and most diverse
class of mollusks. This class
includes snails, abalones, and
conches. These have shells but
some animals in this class do not
have shells including slugs.
*Dafni
Class Bivalvia
(Muscles)
This class includes all aquatic
mollusks like clams, oysters, and
scallops. They contain a powerful
adductor muscle that attaches to
valves. This muscle opens and
closes the organisms protective
shell so it can eat.
Conquiliobiologistas *
Wikipedia*
Back
Phylum Annelida
Economic Importance
(“Little ring” - Earthworms, etc.)
Leeches are used in medical
labs to help suck bad blood out of
people. So they are medically
important.
Classes
Major Characteristics
1.
Bilaterally symmetrical
2.
Circulatory, respiratory, and nervous
systems
About the Phylum 3.
In jest soil as they burrow into it
•
Term means “Little Rings”
4.
Sexually
•
Means many body
segments
5.
Locomotion by tails
•
6.
Dirt
Consists of 15,000
different species
7.
Diffusion of oxygen through tissues
*Anderson
Back
Classes of Annelida
Class Polychaeta
*Gills
(Bristle Worm)
Class Hirudinea
They have antennae and
specialized mouthparts, they
are free-swimming predators
with strong jaws. They live in
the dirt on ocean floors.
(Leeches)
This is the smallest class of
Annelids and it contains leeches.
They can be found in muddy
waters and they attach to you and
suck your blood. They have no
parapodia or setae
*Bakken
Class Oligochaeta
(Earthworm)
These creatures live in the soil
and have a few setae on each
segment. They lead a burrowing
life. They are also good for fishing!

*Fankboner
*Fauna
Back
Phylum Arthropoda
(“Jointed foot” - Crabs, spiders, insects, etc.)
Economic Importance
•Chilicerata
•Crustacea
Insects are important to the
economy because they eat crops,
spread diseases, and destroy
clothing. So they’re pretty much
some bad little creatures!
•Uniramia
Major Characteristics
About the Phylum 1. Bilateral symmetry
•
¾ of all animals belong to 2.
this phylum
•
A lot of organs like humans such as a
gizzard, circulatory system, and
nervous system, etc.
Can adapt to almost ever
environment
3.
Use of setae and parapodia
•
Means “Jointed Foot”
4.
Sexually
5.
Free living
6.
Marine
7.
Diffusion of oxygen through tissues and
primitive tracheal structures
Back to Phylum
Back to Menu
Subphylum Chelicerata
(Mites, Scorpions, Sea Spiders, etc.)
Classes
*Haaramo
About the Subphylum
•
Most of the information for
this subphylum is in the
classes
•
Their legs bear claws
•
Some species are marine,
some are land living,
some are extinct
•
Bodies are divided into
two main parts
•
Eyes are covered by a
thick cornea
•
They have compound
eyes
•
They feed on algae and
other things
•
Most are carnivorous
*Neartica
*Haaramo
Back
Classes of Chelicerata
Class Arachnida
(spiders)
*Random
Have about six pairs of jointed
appendages, and pedipalps which
help them hold food and chewing.
They also have four pairs of
walking legs. They mostly live on
land.
Class Pycnogonida
*Wegg
(sea spiders)
This class contains the
“weirdest” looking arthropods.
Another name for it is “all legs”
which is appropriate because they
have small bodies with lots of long
legs. They also feed on soft body
invertebrates
*Yale
Class Merostomata
(Horseshoe crabs)
This class actually contains two
different types of marine life
forms. One of which is now extinct
and has been extinct for 200 to
500 million years. Now there are
only 5 species that live in this
class.
Back to Phylum
Back to Menu
Subphylum Crustacea
(Lobsters, Crabs, Barnacles, etc.)
Pictures
*Museum
About the Subphylum
•
Contains approximately
40,000 species.
•
Abundant in oceans,
lakes, rivers, and a few
species are found on legs
•
Some are sessile and
some move by walking on
legs, swimming, or drifting
through currents
Some species of this
subphylum are very
important plankton
•
Water fleas and barnacles
are also in this subphylum
•
Some exchange carbon
dioxide and oxygen
through their skeleton
some respire with gills
•
•
They have two pairs of
appendages. One on their
head served as a feeler.
•
The embryo is a free
swimming larva called a
nauplius.
*Museum
*Museum
*Museum
Back
Pictures of Crustacea
*Corporation
*Museum
*Janetzky
Back to Phylum
Back to Menu
Subphylum Uniramia
(Centipedes, insects, etc.)
Classes
*Random3
*Random3
About the Subphylum
•
Classes of this subphylum
are usually called
myriapods.
•
Make up the most
common and diverse
classes of arthropods.
•
Includes insects,
millipedes, centipedes,
and their relatives
•
They have exoskeletons
and jointed appendages
•
Their heads include
antennas and mandibles
•
They also have two pairs
of maxillae
•
Their sexes are separate
but reproduction varies
•
•
Their legs only have one
branch
Subphylum only includes
“true” arthropods
*Random2
Back
Classes of Uniramia
Class Chilopoda
(centipedes)
They can have anywhere between
15 and 175 pairs of legs. They live
in tropical regions. They are quick
moving and search for prey like
earthworms and other insects.
*Fankboner
Class Diplopoda
*Mitchell
(millipedes)
Move slowly through humus and
soil, have two pairs of legs on
each body segment except the
last two. Have poor vision and a
good sense of smell. When
threatened they coil up.
Class Insecta
(insects)
They are moist, live in many
different regions. Composed of
entirely of insects with over 29
different orders. They are the most
successful life forms on the planet
with their ability to adapt to almost
anything, anywhere.
*Museum2
Orders
•1
•2
•3
Back
Orders of Class Insecta
Order Thysanura
(Firebrats)
Contains over 2400 different
species, They have chewing
mouth parts. They feed on paste
in wallpaper and starch in book
bindings and labels.
Order Ephemeroptera
*BMW
*Ojibway
(Mayflies)
Order Odonata
(Dragonflies)
*Mitchell
Contains 1,500 species. They have
membranous wings, and nonfunctioning
mouthparts as adults.
Contains 20,000 species. They
destroy harmful insects, and serve
as food for a lot of freshwater fish.
Order Isoptera
Order Orthopera
(Termites)
(Crickets)
Contains 2000 species, at times
they have two pairs of
membranous wings, and chewing
mouthparts.
Contains 30,000 species. They
have two pairs of straight wings
and chewing mouthparts. They
damage crops, garden plants, and
stored foods
*Ento
*PCA
Back
Orders of Class Insecta
Order Anoplura
Order Dermaptera
(Lice)
(Earwigs)
*Iowa
Contains 1000 different species.
They have an incomplete
metamorphosis. They also have
two pairs of wings, biting
mouthparts, and pincer like
appendages.
Over 2400 species, they have an
incomplete metamorphosis. They
are wingless with piercing, sucking
mouthparts. They transmit
diseases.
*TatorTots
Order Neuroptera
(dobsonfly)
*West
Order Hemiptera
(True Bugs)
Contains 2,000 species. They
have two pairs of wings during
part of their life and damage crops
and garden plants.
*Virginia
Contains 4,600 species. They
destroy harmful insects. Larvae
serve as food for freshwater fish.
Order Homoptera
(aphids)
Contains 20,000 species and
some species are wingless. They
have membranous wings held like
roof over body.
*WTB
Back
Orders of Class Insecta
Order
Lepidoptera
*Mitchell
Order Coleoptera
(Weevils)
Over 500,000 different species.
Has forewings, membranous hind
wings, and chewing mouthparts.
(Butterflies)
They have a complete
metamorphosis. They
pollination flowers, larvae
and pupae produce silk.
Order Diptera
*North
(Gnats)
Order
Hymenoptera
Contains 80,000 species. Has a
complete metamorphosis. Carry
diseases and act as decomposers
Also, they destroy crops.
(Bees)
*Cunningham
Contains
90,000 species. Has biting,
sucking, or lapping
mouthparts. Many have
constriction between thorax
and abdomen. Some
species are social like bees.
Pollinates flowers and
makes honey. They also
destroy harmful insects.
Order Siphonaptera
(Fleas)
Contains 1,200 species. Wingless
and has sucking mouthparts as an
adult, when a larvae it has
chewing mouthparts. Parasitize
birds and mammals and carry
diseases.
*BBK
LogUK*
Back
Phylum Echinodermata
(“Spiny skin” - Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, Etc.)
Classes
About the Phylum
•
Major Characteristics
Contains invertebrates from
shallow coastal waters to
ocean trenches more than
10,000 ft deep
•
Often brilliantly colored
•
Vary in diameter from 1cm to
1m
1.
Radially Symmetrical
2.
Water-vascular system (tube feet)
3.
Take in food & internally digest it
4.
Sexually
5.
Sessile
6.
Marine
7.
Develop from bilaterally symmetrical
larvae
8.
Diffusion of oxygen through tissues
Economic Importance
Sea Stars are important
because they eat oysters, and other
things that humans use for food.
*Cincotta
Back
Classes of Echinodermata
Class Crinoidea
Class Echinoidea
(Sea Lilies, Feather Stars)
(Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars)
These organisms are “lily-like”.
They are sessile as adults, living
on rocks or the bottom of the sea
as long stalks. They use cilia to
eat.
These organisms
are “spine like”. They live on sea
bottoms and are well adapted to it.
Sea Dollars also live on the sea
coasts.
Class Holothuroidea
(Sea Cucumbers)
Most of the organisms in
this class are armless and have
ossicles that make up their
skeleton. They are found in the
ocean and use tentacles to eat
and clean itself.
*UCMP
*Jonnson
Class Ophiuroidia
(Basket Stars, Brittle Stars)
Over 2000 species
of basket and brittle stars make up
this class. They mostly live on the
ocean floor and rake food in their
mouth to eat.
Zubi*
Class Asteroidea
*HCCMS
(Sea Stars)
Sea Stars live in the
coastal waters and are many
different beautiful colors.
*TSJIG