Transcript Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia
Mrs. Geist
Biology, Fall 2010-2011
Swansboro High School
NC SCOS 4.01:
• Analyze the classification of organisms
according to their evolutionary relationships:
▫ The historical development and changing nature
of classification systems.
▫ Similarities and differences between eukaryotic
and prokaryotic organisms.
▫ Similarities and differences among the eukaryotic
kingdoms: Protists, Fungi, Plants, and animals.
▫ Classify organisms.
NC SCOS 4.02:
• Analyze the processes by which organisms
representative of the following groups
accomplish essential life functions including:
▫ unicellular protists, annelid worms, insects,
amphibians, mammals, non-vascular plants,
gymnosperms, and angiosperms
▫ transport, excretion, respiration, regulation,
nutrition, synthesis, reproduction, and growth and
development.
Comparisons of 6 kingdoms
Eukaryotic
Archaea
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Lacks Cell
Walls
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Comparisons of 6 kingdoms
Eukaryotic
Lacks Cell
Walls
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Archaea
No
no
Bacteria
No
no
some
Protists
All
some
some
some
Fungi
All
few
most
all
Plants
All
none
all
few
Animals
All
all
all
all
What is an animal?
• Four key characteristics:
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Eukaryotic
Lack cell walls
Multicellular
Heterotrophs that ingest food.
Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates
• Invertebrates: animals without backbones
▫ 95% of animals
▫ Most live in aquatic or moist terrestrial habitats
▫ i.e. sea stars, jellyfish, snails, clams, insects, and
worms
• Vertebrates: animals with backbones
▫ Mainly terrestrial, but also live in marine and
freshwater habitats
▫ i.e. fishes, frogs, snakes, dogs, humans
Animal Life Cycle
• Adult male and female animals produce haploid
gametes by meiosis
• Fertilization: an egg and a sperm fuse to form
a diploid zygote
• Zygote undergoes mitosis
• Zygote  embryo  fetus
Animal Life Cycle (continued)
• Many animals then develop directly into adults
• Others (i.e. sea star) go through 1+ larval stages
▫ Larva: immature form of an animal that looks
different from the adult forms and usually eats
different food
▫ Larva undergoes metamorphosis to become an
adult
Invertebrate Animals
Focusing on select Phyla.
Important Terminology
• Closed Circulatory System: blood remains
contained within vessels
• Open Circulatory System: blood vessels
open into chambers where the organs are bathed
directly in blood
Phylum Annelids
• Round body
• Segmented
worms
• Closed
circulatory
system
Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
• Segmented bodies
• Jointed appendages
• Exoskeleton- hard external
skeleton made of protein and
chitin
▫ As it grows, it sheds its
exoskeleton and secretes a
new one (molting)
• Open circulatory system
• i.e. insects, crustaceans,
spiders
Vertebrate Animals—Phylum
Chordata
* Focusing on select classes
Fishes—3 classes:
• Class Agnatha- jawless fishes
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i.e. hagfish, lamprey
Cartilage skeleton
No paired fins
No scales
• Class Chondricthyes- sharks, skates, and rays
• Class Osteichthyes- bony fishes
▫ Swim bladder- control depth, 2nd respiratory
organ
General Characteristics of Fishes
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Aquatic
Sexual reproduction
2-chambered heart
Gills
Ectotherm: cold-blooded
External fertilization
Class Amphibia
• Metamorphosis: tadpole
 frog
▫ Larval stage (tadpoles)
lives in water, while
adult stage lives on land
• Respiration: Gills as
larva, lungs & moist skin
in adults
• Sexual reproduction
• 3-chambered heart
• i.e. frogs, salamander,
caecilians (legless &
blind)
Class Reptilia
• amniotic egg (waterproof egg
with a shell), internal
fertilization, and water-tight
skin
• Most lay eggs, though some
give birth to live young
• Ectotherms: main source of
body heat is external
environment
• Scaly skin
• i.e. turtles, lizards, snakes,
crocodiles, alligators
Class Aves  Birds
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Hollow bones
Feathers
Endotherms: warm-blooded
Gizzards: muscular organ that
grinds seeds and other foods
• 4-chambered heart
• Sexual reproduction
• Evolved from Theropod
dinosaur
Class Mammalia
• Endotherms
• Mammary glands:
produce milk in female
mammals
• Hair or fur
• Lungs
• Sexual reproduction
• 4-chambered heart
• i.e. deer, wolves,
elephants, giraffes, tigers,
dogs, cats, humans