Transcript Diseases and Disorders of the Excretion System - kis

Excretory System
Natalie H.
Min Ji K.
General Information
Excretion
• Excretion: the removal of
wastes
• Excretory System: the system
that uses excretion
Excretion and Homeostasis
•
Homeostasis: keeping a constant internal condition
•
filters the unneeded mat. in body (homeostasis
charac.)
•
keeping cells in proper condition
•
Protects int. environment from harmful levels of
chemicals
Excretion and Homeostasis
•- control the amount of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH):
• controls the amount of fluid in the kidney
•
(X : lead to excretion disorders)
Body Systems
Involved in Excretion
Different types of
Excretion
System
Organ
Excretion
Urinary
Kidney
-nitrogen compounds
-toxins
-excess water
-electrolytes
Integumentary
(a tough outer protective
layer/skin)
Skin-sweat glands
-nitrogen compounds
-excess water
-electrolytes
Respiratory
Lungs
-carbon dioxide
-excess water
Digestive
Intestine
-digestive wastes
-bile pigments (a bitter
yellow or green fluid
secreted by hepatocytes
from the liver of most
vertebrates)
-salts of heavy metals
Liver
•
go through urea synthesis
•
X convert = dangerous
•
Hemoglobin molecule -> bile
•
Create usable mat from old red blood
cells.
•
waste must be broken down.
Urinary System
Urinary System
•
Urea: a chemical that comes from the breakdown of
proteins.
*
•
Urine: a watery fluid that contains urea and other
wastes
•
The amount of urine:
–
Hot day & less water (drinking) : small amount
–
Cool day & more water (drinking) : larger amount
Structures
Kidneys:
- major organs of the excretory system
- remove urea and other wastes from
blood
- works as fliters (removes wastes but
keep materials that the body needs)
Ureters:
- two narrow tubes in the
kidneys
- urine flows through
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Urinary Bladder:
- sacklike muscular organ that stores
urine
urethra:
- small tube where the urine leaves the
body
Filtration of Wastes
•
•
Million nephrons in the kidneys filter wastes
and needed material from the blood.
•
wastes get removed from body
•
needed material return to the blood
Nephrons: tiny filtering factories that remove
wastes from the blood and produce urine.
Kidneys and Nephrons
How does the material get
filtered in the nephron?
2. Urea, water, glucose and
other materials are filtered out
in the cluster if capillaries.
Then, the filtered materials go
to the capsule that surrounds
the capillaries.
1. Blood enters through
artery into the nephron.
3. The filtered material is
passed into a long, twisty
tube that is surrounded by
capillaries.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
4. As the material goes
through the tube:
- needed materials
(water&glucose) are
reabsorbed into the blood
- waste (urea)stays in the
tube.
5. After the needed
materials get reabsorbed,
the liquid that remains
(urine) goes out of the
kidneys.
* Capillary: tiny blood
vessel where substances
are exchanged between
the blood & the body cells
Why do they check your urine
when you go to the hospital?
You can figure out diseases by your urine!
* usually urine contains almost no proteins/glucose
* if glucose is present in the urine, that means that the
person could have diabetes
= diabetes: a condition where the body cells cannot
absorb enough glucose from the blood
* if proteins are present in the urine, it can be a sign that
the kidneys aren’t functioning properly
Extra Information
Interactions With Other
Systems
•
Digestive & Nervous System:
•
•
Solid wastes get eliminated by the digestive
system, and you are using the nervous system
when you eat food which relates with the digestive
system.
Circulatory & Muscular System:
•
Circulatory system circulates blood all around the
body, the blood goes through the kidney every
day, where excretion happens. Muscular system
works when the heart is pumping blood.
•
Respiratory System:
•
•
Skeletal System:
•
•
Blood cells produced in bone marrow.
Integumentary System:
•
•
Excretion also happens by breathing.
Excretion through sweat glands in the integumentary system
Endocrine System:
•
Adrenalin glans produce chemicals to regulate fluids
Diseases
1. Nephritis
2. Kidney Stones
3. Diabetes Insipidus
Nephritis
•
Nephritis: inflammation of the kidney
1. Acute glomerulonephritis
2. Pyelonephritis:
3. Hereditary nephritis
Kidney Stones
Kidney Stone: solid concretions (crystal
that cling onto each other) of dissolved
minerals in urine
Diabetes Insipidus
•
Diabetes Insipidus: an excretion disorder
where the body is eliminating too much
material which causes intense thirst
•
* When Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the
blood aren’t controlled.
Common
Symptoms
•
extreme tiredness
•
fever
•
chills
•
bloody/cloudy urine
Harmful Lifestyle
• drinking alcohol
• smoking
• not drinking enough water
• not exercising
•
http://www.biologymad.com/resources/kidney.swf
Citations
• "Diseases and Disorders of the Excretion System." Diseases and Disorders of the Excretion System. 13 Apr. 2009
<http://behrenscprss.tripod.com/diseasesanddisordersoftheexcretionsystem/index.html>.
• "Excretion." Test Page for Apache Installation. 13 Apr. 2009 <http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/excret.html>.
• "Excretion." The Greenhouse. 14 Apr. 2009 <library.thinkquest.org/22016/excretion/index.html>.
• "Excretory System Activity." NEWTON/ANL Home Page. 13 Apr. 2009
<http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen06/gen06285.htm>.
• "Kidney Stones." Bupa. 12 Apr. 2009 <hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/html/Kidney_stones.html>.
• absorption, the time the fluid has reached the collecting ducts these processes of. "Anatomy and Physiology of