Transcript Circulatory System

Circulatory System
Overview of Circulatory System
• The circulatory system is
connected to all organ systems. It
absorbs and transports nutrients
and oxygen to cells and carries
wastes (eg. CO2, urea) for
elimination by other parts of the
body (eg. Lungs, kidneys)
The circulatory system is made up of THREE components:
1. Fluid (blood)
2. Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
3. Pump (heart)
Blood and its Components
The Blood
Blood Component
Function
Plasma
Fluid medium carrying gases, nutrients
and wastes
Red blood cells
Contains hemoglobin that binds to O2 to
help transport it!
White blood cells
Platelets
Protects body against bacteria/viruses,
part of immune system
Plays role in blood clotting
Blood Vessels
There are three main types of
blood vessels:
1. Arteries – carry oxgenated
blood (O2-rich) AWAY from
heart to cells of body.
2. Capillaries – tiny blood vessels
that connect the arteries with
the veins.
3. Veins – carry deoxygenated
blood (O2-poor) from cells of
body TO heart
• The mammalian heart consists of
a double pump separated by the
septum.
• Composed of cardiac muscle
tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial
tissue and connective tissue.
• Each pump consists of a thinwalled atrium and a thick-walled
ventricle.
• Therefore the mammalian heart
has four chambers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
The Heart
Deoxygenated blood (O2 poor)
from body’s cells needs to go
to lungs to be oxygenated –
must pass heart!
Oxygenated blood (O2 rich)
from lungs needs to go to
body cells to be used – must
pass heart!
1. Deoxygenated blood
from the body cells flows
through the vena cava
into the right atrium.
4. Oxygenated blood from the
lungs travels to the heart via
the pulmonary veins and
enters the left atrium.
2. Deoxygenated blood
flows through tricuspid
valve into the right
ventricle.
5. Oxygenated blood
flows through the left
atrioventricular valve into
the left ventricle.
3. The right ventricle pumps
the deoxygenated blood
through the pulmonary valve
into the pulmonary arteries
where it travels to the lungs.
Arteries carry blood
away from the heart
with the exception of
the pulmonary arteries.
6. The muscular left ventricle
pumps the oxygenated blood
through the aortic valve into the
aorta where it travels to the
body cells.
Veins carry blood to the
heart with the exception of
the pulmonary veins.
Deoxygenated blood (O2 poor)
from body’s cells needs to go to
_____________ to be
oxygenated – must pass heart!
1. Deoxygenated blood from
the __________________
flows through the _______
__________ into the _______
_____________.
2. Deoxygenated blood
flows through tricuspid
valve into the __________
________________.
3. The _______________________
pumps the deoxygenated blood
through the pulmonary valve into the
______________________________
where it travels to the ___________.
Oxygenated blood (O2 rich)
from lungs needs to go to
____________________ to
be used – must pass heart!
4. Oxygenated blood from the
____________ travels to the
heart via the ______________
___________ and enters the
________________________.
5. Oxygenated blood flows
through the left atrioventricular
valve into the ________
____________________.
6. The muscular left ventricle
pumps the oxygenated blood
through the aortic valve into the
____________ where it travels
to the ____________________.
Comparison of Vertebrate Hearts
2 chambers
(eg. Fish)
3 chambers
(eg. Frog)
4 chambers
(eg. Human)
What is the
advantage of
having a 4chambered heart
over 2-chambered
and 3-chambered
hearts seen in fish
and amphibians
(eg. Frogs)?