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المحاضرة التاسعة Biodiversity Part: 5 Animals Biodiversity Animals Kingdom consist of NINE phyla ((شعب 1- Phylum of Porifera )(المساميات 2- Phylum of Coelenterata )(الجوفمعويات 3- Phylum of Platyhelminthes )(الديدان المفلطحة 4- Phylum of Nematoda )(الديدان المستديرة 5- Phylum of Annelida)(الديدان الحلقية 6- Phylum of Arthropoda )(مفصليات االرجل Those are Invertebrata (don not have a backbone) 7- Phylum of Mollusca)(الرخويات 8- Phylum of Echinodermata)(الجلد شوكيات 9- Phylum of Chordata)(الحبليات Almost are Vertebrata (They have a backbone) Phylum of Arthropoda Arthropods are the dominant animals on Earth and the biggest phylum in animals kingdom. Arthropods have segmented bodies with some or all of the segments bearing jointed appendages such as Antenna and legs They all have an exoskeleton. For example, in insects, the body is divided into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. The digestive system in most arthropods have three main regions: foregut, midgut and hindgut Open circulatory system with a dorsal heart. Phylum of Arthropoda Respiratory systems by - Gills )(الخياشيمin aquatic arthropods e.g. Crab - Tracheal systems )(القصيباتin most terrestrial arthropods e.g. Locusts - Simple lungs) (الرئات البسيطةe.g spiders and scorpions Excretory system: in most Arthropoda by malpighian tubules They have developed nervous system consist of brain and ventral nerve cord. Many arthropods have compound eyes )(عيون مركبةthat enabling them to detecting the slightest movements of prey or predators Phylum of Arthropoda Arthropoda are divided into 4 classes 1- Insects الحشرات 2- Arachnids العنكبيات 3- Crustaceans. القشريات 4- Myriapoda متعددة االرجل Phylum of Arthropoda -Insects : e.g. Locusts -Insects are the only flying invertebrates. -They have 6 legs -Arachnids : e.g. Scorpions and Spiders. Locust الجراد -Almost they are terrestrial organisms -All arachnids have eight legs. Scorpionا لعقرب Spidersالع نكبوت Phylum of Arthropoda -Crustaceans : e.g. Crabs - Almost they are aquatic animals. -Crabs have ten legs, including claws Crab سرطان البحر - Myriapoda : e.g. Millipedes. - They are terrestrial organisms -They have over 750 legs. Millipedes الدودة االلفية Phylum of Mollusca Mollusca live in marine, freshwater and terrestrial areas. The body has a head, a foot and a visceral mass. This body covered with a mantle )(عباءةthat typically secretes the shell. The anterior cavity of the Mollusca contains a radula )(طاحنةwhich is used for feeding. The ventral foot is used in locomotion, clinging to surfaces, burrowing. there are one or more pairs of gills, used for respiration. Mollusca include: snails الحلزون, octopuses االخطبوط, squidالحبار, clamsاالصداف, oystersالمحار, and chitonsالكيتون. Snail الحلزون Phylum of Echinodermata All echinoderms live in marine environments and their body are covered with multi- spiny ( known spiny skinned). They Have an internal skeleton of calcium carbonate. They possess a water vascular system, connected with a small tube feet which is important for locomotion, feeding, gas exchange, circulation and excretion functions. sea star نجم البحر They possess a completed digestive system but They have no heart, brain, nor eyes, but they have sensory receptors. Sexes are separate and they can reproduce sexually by gametes or asexually by regeneration. Mollusca include: sea starsنجم البحر, sea urchin قنفذ البحرsea cucumbersخيار البحر,. sea urchin اقنفذ البحر Phylum of Chordata Chordata include animals lack backbone and others have backbone. Chordata have the following features: - The notochord )) الحبل الظهري: flexible rod that extends the length of the body and provides attachment for muscles. in most Chordata turns into a spine (backbone). Humming bird طائر الطنان - The nerve cord )(الحبل العصبي: a dorsal hollow tube; one end becomes the brain during development - A post-anal tail: extends beyond the body, past the anus Shark سمك القرش Phylum of Chordata First : Chordata lack backbone: live in the seas. Notochord and nerve cord found along entire length of body, persists throughout life. They include lancelets )( الرمحيات, tunicates )(القربياتand peteromyzons )(الجلكيات 1- Amphioxus حيوان السهيم 2- Ascidia حيوان االسيديا 3- lamprey حيوان الالمبري Phylum of Chordate Second : Chordata possess backbone This group is called vertebrates as the embryonic notochord is normally replaced during development by a backbone. Vertebrates are divided into : 1 - Class cartilaginous fishes e.g. sharks and rays 2 - Class bony fishes salmon and tilapia 3 - Class Amphibians, frog and salamander 4 - Class Reptiles: e.g. lizards, snakes and turtle. 5 - Class Birds: e.g. pigeon and eagle 6 - Class Mammals: e.g. goat and human.