Transcript Respiratory System

Respiratory System
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Purpose of the Respiratory System
To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
atmosphere and the blood of the human body.
 Oxygen is needed for the process of cellular respiration:
Glucose + Oxygen  ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity
Filters out dust and other
large particles in the air.
Hair like structures called
cilia, line this passageway
& sweep the particles into
the throat so they won’t get
into the lungs. It also has
mucous membranes to
warm and moisten the air.
Phaynx & Larynx
PHARYNX
A location in the body that
allows air and food pass
through. This part of the
body is shared with the
respiratory and digestive
system.
LARYNX
1. It prevents food particles
from traveling down into the
lungs. A flap of tissue
called epiglottis, covers
the opening to this
structure.
2. Contains vocal cords and
helps produce vocalization.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAMlTxOrrj0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BR6BlwC_n0
Trachea
A single long tube with
cartilage rings. It is also
known as the wind pipe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiTHKH2bQN8#t=159
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iflca2KQWP4
Bronchi & Bronchioles
BRONCHI
Two small tubes that
branch off from the
trachea. They are
airways that transport
gas in and out of the
lungs.
BRONCHIOLES
The smallest and narrowest
airways of the respiratory
system. At the end there is
a bundle of air sacs.
Alveoli
Thin air sacs that are the site
of oxygen and carbon dioxide
gas exchange. The sacs are
bundled together like grapes.
Blood capillaries surround it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTMYSGXhJ4E
Diaphragm
Muscle that separates the
chest cavity from the
abdominal cavity.
Contractions of the muscle
expands the cavity.
Relaxation of the muscle
reduces the size of the
cavity.
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Alveoli
 Through the process of
diffusion gas moves
from an area of higher
concentration to a lower
concentration.
 The heart pumps blood
to the lungs.
 O2 diffuses into the
blood capillary
 CO2 diffuses out of the
blood capillary
How does the body know when
to inhale and exhale?
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The Diaphragm
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Emphysema
CAUSES
•Long term exposure to airborne
irritants (ex. smoking, air pollution)
SYMPTOMS
•Coughing
•Shortness of breath
•Difficulty exhaling
•Alveoli sacs ruptured
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Asthma
CAUSES
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Interaction of genetic and environmental
factors.
Inherited tendency to develop allergies to
airborne irritants.
SYMPTOMS
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Coughing
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Constriction of bronchiole muscle tissue
Inflammation of bronchiole muscle tissue
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Lung Cancer
CAUSES
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Primary Cause  1st hand smoking
2nd hand smoke
Long term exposure to airborne irritants (high
air pollution)
Family history of disease
SYMPTOMS
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Coughing
Wheezing
Weight loss
Fatigue
Tumor growth in lung tissue (can spread to
other parts of the respiratory system & beyond)
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Bronchitis
CAUSES

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Acute condition 
virus or bacteria
Chronic condition 
1st and 2nd hand
smoking
SYMPTOMS
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A cough that brings
up mucus
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Chest Pain
Low fever
Inflammation of
bronchiole muscle
tissue
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CAUSES
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Bacteria 
Viruses 
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Pneumonia
SYMPTOMS
Cough with mucus
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Shaking chills
High fever
Fluid or pus fills up
alveoli
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Tuberculosis
CAUSES

Bacteria
SYMPTOMS
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Cough with mucus
Cough with blood
Fatigue
Fever
Weight loss
Wheezing
Bacteria multiply in the alveoli and rupture the alveoli membrane  spreads to
other airways and parts of the lung