Transcript Chapter 9 PowerPoint

Circulation and Respiration
Circulation and Respiration
Chapter 9 – Section 1
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Cardiovascular system: a collection of organs that
transport blood throughout the body
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Heart
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An organ made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue
Left side pumps oxygen rich blood to the body
Right side pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs
Upper chamber of each side is called an atrium
Lower chamber of each side is called a ventricle
Valves are between each chamber---like doors that only
open one way.
Circulation and Respiration
Chapter 9 – Section 1
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Blood Vessels: 95000 kilometers of them in you. That is almost 60000 miles.
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Artery: a blood vessel that carries blood Away from the heart to the body’s
organs. The closer to the heart the thicker they are.
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Capillary: a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and
cells in other tissue. Capillaries CONNECT. Capillaries move toward the
surface of the skin as we get hot---they release heat. When cold they move
further into our bodies. They are so thin food, oxygen, and water can move in
and out of them.
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Vein: A vessel that carries blood to the heart. Thinner than Arteries. They have
valves that prevent blood from flowing back down or away from the heart.
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Pulmonary circulation: the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back
to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins
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Systemic circulation: the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body
and back to the heart
Circulation and Respiration
Chapter 9 – Section 1
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Cardiovascular Problems
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Atherosclerosis: happens when cholesterol builds up inside
of blood vessels
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Hypertension: abnormally high blood pressure
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Heart attack: happens when heart muscle cells die and
part of the heart muscle is damaged
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Heart failure: happens when the heart cannot pump
enough blood to meet the body’s needs
Stroke: when a blood vessel in the brain becomes clogged
or ruptures
Circulation and Respiration
Chapter 9 – Section 2
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Blood: the fluid that carries gases, nutrients, and wastes
through the body and that is made up of plasma, red blood
cells, platelets, and white blood cells. Most people have 12
pints of blood = 1 ½ gallons. Can only lose a maximum of
two liters.
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Plasma: the liquid part of blood. 90% of plasma is water.
Plasma makes up 55% of blood. Plasma carries dissolved
food and waste to and from cells.
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Red Blood Cells – take oxygen to every cell in your body
and picks up CO2. Makes up 44% of blood. They do not have
a Nucleus and live for 100-120 days. You make ½ cup of new
RBC every day.
Section 2
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Hemoglobin: an oxygen-carrying protein and when it
combine with Oxygen it turns bright red. Without oxygen it
is dark red.
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Platelets: pieces of larger cells found in bone marrow.
Only last for 5-10 days. They help to stop bleeding.
Produce a protein called fibrin which basically forms a net.
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White Blood Cells – keep you healthy by destroying
pathogens. Some directly kill the pathogens and other
release a chemical to identify the pathogen for other white
blood cells. Made in bone marrow and have a nucleus.
With platelets they make up the final 1% of blood.
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Red Blood Cell, Platelet, and White Blood Cell
Circulation and Respiration
Chapter 9 – Section 2
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Blood helps regulate body temperature: capillaries close to the
skin
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Blood pressure: the force that blood exerts on the walls of the
arteries.
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Four Blood Types
A
B
 AB
O
 O and A make up 85% of all people.
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Blood type refers to the type of chemicals you have on the
surface of your red blood cells. These surface chemicals are
called antigens. Type A blood has A antigens, B has B antigens,
AB has A and B antigens, O has neither.
Circulation and Respiration
Chapter 9 – Section 3
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Lymphatic system: a collection of organs whose primary function is to
collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood. Can also help fight
pathogens.
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Fluid collected by the lymphatic system is carried by lymph capillaries.
Some are dead cells.
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Lymph: the fluid that is collected by lymphatic vessels and nodes
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Lymph node: an organ that filters lymph and that is found along the
lymphatic vessels. Small and bean shaped. Contain lymphocytes (also
called killer t cells) surround and destroy pathogens. Other lymphocytes
are called B cells (produce antibodies that attaches to pathogens—serve
as markers. Swollen lymph nodes can indicate an infection because of
increased number of white blood cells.
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Lymphocytes are made in bone marrow---help fight pathogens. (type of
white blood cell).
Circulation and Respiration
Chapter 9 – Section 3
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Thymus: the main gland of the lymphatic system; it produces
mature T lymphocytes. Immature T cells produced in bone
marrow---mature in thymus. Found behind breastbone right
above heart.
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Spleen: the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Stores
lymphocytes. About the size of your fist. The spleen produces,
monitors, stores, and destroys blood cells.
 White pulp: helps fight infection
 Red pulp: removes unwanted materials, like defective red
blood cells or old blood cells. Can live without spleen, other
organs take over for it.
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Tonsils: small, rounded masses of lymphatic tissue located in
the pharynx and in the passage from the mouth to the pharynx.
They trap pathogens that enter the body.
Circulation and Respiration
Chapter 9 – Section 4
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Respiration: the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between living cells and their environment; includes breathing
and cellular respiration
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Respiratory system: a collection of organs whose primary
function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide
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Pharynx: the passage from the mouth to the larynx and
esophagus
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Larynx: the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and
produces vocal sounds—voice box.
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At the end of the pharynx, which is also the beginning of the
trachea there is a flap of muscle called the epiglottis. When
swallowing the epiglottis moves to cover the larynx.
Circulation and Respiration
Chapter 9 – Section 4
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Trachea: the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs. Also
known as the windpipe. About 12 inches long. It has C
shaped rings that you can feel.
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Bronchi: one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with
the trachea. Lined with mucus that cleans and moistens the
air we breath.
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Bronchioles: Bronchi become smaller and are called
bronchioles.
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Alveoli: any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen
and carbon dioxide are exchanged. Approximately 300
million per lung. They expand and contract with inhales and
exhales. They are surrounded by capillaries.
Section 4
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Diaphragm: dome shaped muscle beneath the lungs.
Separates your chest from the lower half of your body.
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Contracts---moves down and air enters.
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Relaxes-----moves up and CO2 exits.
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Your left lung is smaller than your right---why?