Transcript Respiratory System

Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 7
Respiratory System Organs
Nose: trap dust and
other particles
preventing them from
entering the lungs
 Epiglottis: a small flap
that covers the
esophagus and
prevents choking
 Trachea: aka your
windpipe, carries the air
to two shorter tubes
 Bronchi: tubes that carry
air from the trachea to
the lungs

Respiratory System Organs
Lungs: large organs that
exchange oxygen and
carbon dioxide in the
blood
 Alveoli: tiny air sacs in
the lungs where the
oxygen and carbon
dioxide actually takes
place
 Diaphragm: the muscle
that moves the lungs to
take in oxygen; it also
separates the lungs
from the digestive
organs

Respiratory Systems Organs

Nose
 Hairs – trap dust and

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
other particles
Nasal septum –
divides the two sides
Contains olfactory
receptors – used for
smelling
Respiratory mucosa –
lines the nasal cavity
Superficial blood
vessels
Respiratory Systems Organs

Pharynx
 Commonly called the
throat
 Food as well as air
travels through here
but is separated by
the epiglottis

Larynx
 The voice box
 If anything but air
enters the larynx the
cough reflex is
triggered
Respiratory Systems Organs

Trachea
 The windpipe
 Reinforced with c-
shaped rings called
hyaline cartilage
 Lined with ciliated
mucosa that traps
dust particles and
other debris
Respiratory Systems Organs

Bronchi
 Branch into two from
the trachea
 By the time air
reaches here it has
been warmed,
humidified and
cleaned
 Braches out inside
the lungs – called
bronchioles
Respiratory Systems Organs

Lungs
 The right lung has
three lobes and the
left has two
 Lined with mucosa so
they won’t stick
together
 Contain the alveoli –
tiny air sacs where
gas exchange occur
)millions of clusters)
Breathing

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Breathing is an
involuntary action –
meaning it will occur
without you having to
think about it
When the diaphragm
is relaxed the air
space in the lungs is
smaller and the air
gets “pushed” out
When the diaphragm
contracts the space in
the lungs gets larger
and the air gets
“sucked” in
Breathing


Inspiration: gases
flow into the lungs
Expiration: gases
flow out of the lungs
Respiratory Rates
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Highest in
newborns: about 4080 per minute
Infants: around 30
per minute
Children: around 25
per minute
Adults: around 1218 per minute (this
rate changes for
smokers)
Nonrespiratory Air Movement

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Cough: sudden blast
of air that forces the
glottis open and
clears up the lower
respiratory
passageways
Sneeze: similar to a
cough, but air is
forces through nasal
cavities and clears
up upper respiratory
passages
Nonrespiratory Air Movement
Crying: inspiration
followed by air being
released in short
breaths
 Laughing: essentially
the same as crying
 Hiccups: spasms of
the diaphragm
 Yawn: very deep
inspiration – thought
to be a quick increase
in oxygen (but is
being questioned)

Respiratory System
Diseases/Disorders

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Chronic obstructive
Pulmonary Disease
(COPD) – usually
chronic bronchitis or
emphysema
Chronic bronchitis –
excess mucosa
causes difficulty in gas
exchange
Emphysema –
mucosa makes
expiration difficult
Respiratory System
Diseases/Disorders

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Cystic fibrosis –
genetic disorder that
causes an increase
in mucus that clogs
the respiratory
passages
Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome (SIDS) –
believed to be tied
to a problem in
neural control of
respiration
Respiratory System
Diseases/Disorders

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Asthma – chronically
inflamed bronchial
passages that
respond to many
irritants
Lung Cancer
Respiratory System
Diseases/Disorders

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Tuberculosis
Pneumonia