Transcript The structure and function of the respiratory system.

The structure and function
of the respiratory system.
Aims of the seminar
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To recap on the next assignment
(the cardiovascular system).
To introduce the functions of the
respiratory system.
To introduce the structure of the
respiratory system.
To explain and discuss the gaseous
exchange during inhalation and
exhalation.
So what is the respiratory
system????
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The respiratory system includes
everything we use to breath and
supply our bodies with oxygen.
We breath air into
Our lungs
Oxygen is then
transferred into
the blood
Blood then takes the
blood around the body
supplying vital organs and
limbs with oxygen
You need to know where the air
goes on the way to the alveoli
The trachea
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Air passes through
the nose or mouth
and then moves
onto the (trachea)
It is commonly
known as the ‘wind
pipe’.
The Bronchi
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The trachea splits
into two tubes
called bronchi.
Each tube is called
a bronchus and
join up to the
lungs.
Bronchioles
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The bronchi split
into progressively
smaller tubes
called bronchioles.
Alveoli
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The bronchioles
finally end at small
bags called alveoli
(each one is a
alveolus).
This is where gas
exchange takes
place.
The area inside the chest
containing the lungs, heart and
all the other valves is called the
‘chest cavity’.
Gaseous exchange
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This happens in the alveoli.
CO2 moves from the blood into the
alveoli.
O2 moves across to the red blood cells.
(red blood cells contain haemoglobin,
when combined with O2 it makes
oxyhaemoglobin).
The red blood cells carry the O2 around
the body to deliver it where it is needed.
At the same time the blood collects CO2 to
be taken back to the lungs to be exhaled.
So what helps us breath??
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During inspiration,
the intercostals
muscles and the
diaphragm contract
and the ribs move
upwards and
outwards making
the chest cavity
larger.
Air is pushed into
the lungs by the air
pressure outside.
So what helps us breath??
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During expiration
the intercostals
muscles and the
diaphragm relax to
make the chest
cavity smaller
The lungs are
squeezed and air is
forced out.
Overview of the respiratory
system.
Different types of lung capacity
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Tidal volume:
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Inspiratory capacity:
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Is the most air you could force out after breathing out
normally
Vital Capacity:
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is the most air you can breath in after breathing out
normally.
Expiratory reserve volume:
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Is the amount of air you breath in or out with each breath
Is the most air you could possible breath in or out in one
go.
Residual Volume
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Is the amount of air left in your lungs after you’ve breathed
out as much as possible.
Exercise increases your oxygen
uptake.
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As you exercise your body needs more
oxygen to make the muscles work.
To achieve this you:
• Breath more quickly
• Your heart beats faster (so the red blood cells
travel faster and deliver more oxygen)
• This means that your O2 consumption
increases.
• This is measured by your VO2 which is
basically the volume of oxygen you body uses
in one minute.
• The maximum it reaches is called your
VO2max. The fitter your are, the higher this is.
Warm-up questions
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What does the body need in order to
function CO2, O2 or methane?
Which blood cells carry O2 around
the body?
What does your VO2 max measure?
What is another word for your wind
pipe?
Where does the gaseous exchange
take place?
Next seminar
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Collate all assignments over due.
Introduce exercise effects on the
respiratory system.