Transcript The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System
Intro Movie: 23min
The Respiratory System
• Brings oxygen into the body
• Removes carbon dioxide and water.
• We breathe about 6L of air every minute.
– Air contains oxygen which is required for
respiration to take place in our cells.
• Carbon dioxide and water are the waste products of
respiration.
Oxygen + Nutrients = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
The Respiratory System
Nose
Mouth
Larynx
(Voice Box)
Lung
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Trachea
(Windpipe)
Bronchus
Diaphragm
Alveoli
Nose and Mouth
o Two locations through which air enters the
respiratory system.
– Which of these two locations is the BEST for you
to breathe through?
•
The Nose
Why?
– Air is warmed by blood flowing through capillaries
in the inner lining of the nose.
– Air is moistened by the mucus lining which
prevents tissues from drying out.
– Air is cleaned by tiny hairs that trap dust particles
and microscopic organisms.
The Pharynx
o Air moves into the pharynx, located at the
back of the throat.
•
Location where the digestive and respiratory
systems cross.
 Food and air both travel through the pharynx.
o As air passes by the epiglottis and is directed
down the trachea toward the lungs.
•
Food would be directed into the esophagus
when the epiglottis closes off the airway during
swallowing.
The Larynx
• After the pharynx is the
larynx, voice box.
o Vocal cords vibrate as air
passes through them to create
sound.


Men’s vocal cords are longer
thus deeper voices.
Women’s vocal cords are
shorter thus higher pitched
voices.
Stephen Tyler – 10:49 min
The Trachea
• The Trachea – (Windpipe)
o passes by the epiglottis and is directed down the
trachea toward the lungs.
o Alternating bands of cartilage and smooth
muscle make up the trachea.
o Tiny hairs line the trachea and trap particles that
made it past the nose.
The Trachea
Larynx
Cartilage Rings
Trachea
The Bronchi
• The lower end of the trachea splits into two
tubes – Bronchi.
– One directs air to the left lung and one to the
right lung.
Bronchi
The Lungs
• Lungs are made up of smaller and smaller
tubes that eventually end in small grape-like
clusters called alveoli.
– Make up most of the tissue of the lungs.
– Make the lungs soft and spongy.
– Surrounded by capillaries and oxygen and carbon
dioxide are exchanged here by diffusion.
The Alveoli
Lung Comparison
Lung Comparison
Normal
Emphysema
Mechanics of Breathing
• Breathing in: (Inspiration/Inhaling)
– Muscles attached to the ribs contract and pulls up
and out.
– The diaphragm, at the bottom of your chest,
contracts and pulls down.
– Both actions allow the chest to expand making
more room for the entering air.
• Air pressure is now lower in your lungs compared to
the air pressure outside your body, forcing the air to
rush into the lungs.
Mechanics of Breathing
• Breathing out: (Expiration/Exhaling)
– Muscles in your chest relax, moving down and in.
– The diaphragm relaxes, moving up.
– Both actions reduce the amount of space available
in your chest cavity, forcing air out.
• Air pressure is now greater inside your lungs compared
to the air pressure outside your body, forcing the air to
rush out of the lungs.
Breathing Animation
• Mechanics of Breathing – 1:14min
• Process of Respiration