Transcript File

While you are reading this
paragraph, you will inhale and
exhale four to five times without
you even realizing that it is
happening.
Important Terms
Vocabulary
Disease or problems
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Respiration
Diaphragm
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Larynx
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Asthma
Tuberculosis
Sinusitis
Main Function
• Respiration: Exchange of gases between the
body and the environment.
• Process of Respiration is divided into two
divisions:
1.External Respiration2.Internal Respiration* Having both of these work is essential for
survival.
External Respiration
• Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
that takes place in the lungs.
• Oxygen moves from the lungs into the
blood, and carbon dioxide moves from the
blood into the lungs.
• Alveoli- tiny air sacs through which the
gas exchange of external respiration takes
place.
Internal Respiration
• Exchange of gases between blood and body cells.
• Oxygen moves from the blood into the cells, and
carbon dioxide moves from the cells to the
blood.
The Structure
Consist of:
*Lungs and other
passageways through
which air travels
•Nose and throat
make up the upper
respiratory system.
•* The lower containslarynx, trachea,
bronchi, lungs
• Principle organ and the site of external
respiration.
• Diaphragm- is the muscle that
separates the chest from the
abdominal cavity.
• Lungs get there power from the
diaphragm.
• Everyday the lungs take in enough air
to fill a large room.
• Alveoli- tiny air sacs
- Bring in new oxygen from your air
you’ve breathed to your bloodstream
- Exchange it for waste products like
carbon dioxide.
Lungs
****
Some people think the lungs are just big hollow
bags, but in fact they are more like sponges. This
increases the amount of area inside the lungs that
the blood can meet with the air.
***Do you know that the surface area inside your
lungs is big enough to cover the floor of your
classroom? That's how much area your lungs need to
get all of the oxygen into your body!
**
How do we Breathe?
Made possible by creating a pressure difference between the lungs and the outside of
.
the body
• First the air is taken into our bodies through the
mouth and nose.
• Receptors attach to the alveoli creating a nerve
impulse.
• When the ribs pull up and the diaphragm pulls
down air is taken in.
• When the ribs pull down and the diaphragm
pulls up, air goes out.
• We are breathing!
Clean up Crew
• To work properly, your lungs have to be clean.
Unfortunately, the air you breathe is not always that
clean. That's why your lungs have a cleaning system.
Dirt, germs, and other stuff get caught in the mucus
that lines your nose, trachea and lungs.
• ***Next, little hairs called cilia act like tiny brooms
to push the dirty mucus out of your lungs and into
your throat. The cilia help prevent your lungs from
getting sick from germs floating around in the air.
Demonstration
To show how our
lungs work when
we breathe.
Materials:
2 Liter bottle
Balloon
Respiratory
Olympics
Contest for the Lungs
• Rules1.Four people in your group
2.Each person must participate and do only one of
the contests.
3.No cheating or messing around with anyone else
or there supplies.
4.Must keep track of scores on own sheet.
The Contest:
Must blow through a straw and
produce bubbles in the liquid.
Once you stop or take a breath,
your time will stop.
Record your score on your sheet.
Longest time- 15 points
Runner up- 10 points
Third- 5
Participate- 2
• Pick the person who wants to
participate.
• Participant needs to sit in the
front desk.
• Everyone must remain seated
during the competition.
If feeling dizzy or sick you must
stop.
Mrs. Neves has the right to stop
participant anytime.
Who can Blow the Biggest Bubble?
• One piece of Dubble bubble
gum.
• Pick your person
• 3 chances to blow the biggest
bubble the fastest.
• Come up to the front of
the class
• Time is up when 3 minutes hits
the clock and then it is over.
• Record on your sheet-
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lst: 15 Points
2nd : 10 Points
3rd: 5 points
Participated: 2 points
• When I say start, unwrap
the gum and start to
chew.
• Points deducted if gum
wrapper or gum is found
on the floor.
• Blow up a balloon and tie it.
• When I say go you throw it in
the air and keep the balloon
from touching the ground.
• Use the air you have in your
lungs.
• Once your balloon falls sit back
down in the front seat.
• Last person and balloon
standing wins.
• 1st : 15 points
• 2nd : 10 points
• 3rd: 5 points
• Participates: 2 points
• Record on sheet
• Last person has to
do this one
• No using hands or
any other body part
to keep it from
falling
• Spread out so that
you can have room
to move.
• No helping from
other teammates.
Who Can Go the Distance?
• Only using two breathes blow the
little balloon as far as you can.
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1st : 15 points
2nd : 10 points
3rd: 5 points
Participates: 2 points
Record on sheet
Pathway of where our air goes
In our body and out
Nose
NOSE
• Enters your body.
• Lined with cilia and cells
that produce mucus.
• Cilia and mucus trap
foreign objects and
remove them.
• Air is warmed and
moistened.
• MOUTH: Air exits
Next…..
• Pharynx- or throat
• Trachea- or windpipecovered with cilia
• Branches into 2 tubes called
Bronchi- airways that
connect the trachea and the
lungs.
Larynx and Epiglottis
LARYNX
EPIGLOTTIS
• Voice box
• Connects the throat
and the trachea
• Contains the vocal
cords- Two bands of
tissue that produces
sound when air
forced between them
causes them to
vibrate.
• Flap of cartilage located
above the larynx.
• Folds down to close off
the entrance to the larynx
and the trachea.
• When you swallow it
keeps food and drink
from entering the
respiratory system.
Food going down the “Wrong pipe”
• Two pipes in your body
- Trachea: Breathing
- Esophagus: Food
• When you eat to quickly or laugh
while eating
• The cough reflex is then stimulated in
an attempt to get out the food
Hiccups
• Occur as a result of the
diaphragm contracting in a
spasm, quickly followed by the
closure of the vocal cords.
• This closure produces the
sound of a hiccup.
• Cause is unknown
• Charles Osborne: 68 years
with hiccups
• 1922-1990
• In the Guinness World Record
Book for man with the longest
attack of the hiccups.
• Triggers:
• Emotional stress or excitement
• Stretching of the stomach :
may occur after overeating,
drinking carbonated
beverages, or swallowing air
• Abrupt changes in the
temperature (as with drinking
a hot beverage)
• Alcohol binging
• Smoking
Sneezing
• Expulsion of air from the lung, most commonly
caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal
mucosa.
• Sneezing can further be triggered through
sudden expose to bright light, a particularly full
stomach, or as a result of unexpected climatic
variations.
• Sneezing means different things in different
countries-Japan ( something good is being said about you)
Yawning
• When you yawn you inhale, the air taken in is filling your
lungs. Your abdominal muscles flex and you diaphragm
is pushed down.
• The air you breathe in expands the lungs to capacity and
then some of the air blows back out.
• Cool facts:
• The average yawn lasts about 6 seconds
• Your heart rate can rise as much as 30 % during a yawn
• 55% of people will yawn within five minutes of seeing someone else
yawn.
• Reading about yawning will make you yawn.
• Olympic athletes often yawn before competition.
Respiratory System Problems
And how to take care of it.
Respiratory Problems
• Range from mild infections to disorders that can
damage lung tissue or interfere with respiration.
• Colds and influenza are common infections of
the upper respiratory system.
• Other infections and disorders affect the lower
respiratory tract.
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi
caused by infection or exposure to
irritants
Membranes that line the bronchi
produce excessive mucus in the
airways.
Decreased airway diameter leads to
symptoms such as
-Coughing
-Wheezing
-Shortness of breath that worsens
with physical activity.
-Treatment- Medication that
dilates the bronchial passage,
-Chronic Bronchitis: more
serious form and is often caused by
smoking
.
Pneumonia
• Inflammation of the lungs
commonly caused by a
bacterial or viral infection.
• Common type- the alveoli
swell and become clogged with
mucus, decreasing the amount
of gas exchange.
• Symptoms:
• - Cough -Fever -chills
• - chest pain
• Treatment- antibiotics
Asthma
• Trachea, bronchi, and
bronchioles become narrowed
, causing difficulty in
breathing.
• Asthma attacks-involuntary
contraction of smooth airway
muscles that leads to whizzing,
chest tightness, and hard time
breathing.
• Acute- use a inhaler
• Long-term treatment is
medication that reduces
inflammation and avoiding
triggers.
Sinusitis
*Inflammation of the
tissues that line the sinuses,
air-filled cavities above the
cavities above the nasal
passages and throat.
Symptoms include:
-Nasal congestion
--Headache
-Fever
-Treatment includes:
--Nasal decongestant drops
or sprays
-- antibiotics
Tuberculosis
• Contagious bacterial that
usually affects the lungs.
• Immune system surrounds the
infected area and isolates it.
• - symptoms do not appear.
• Immune system is weakened
by illness or advancing age
then infection can become
active.
• Symptoms• -Cough, fever, fatigue, weight
loss.
• Treatment- Hospitalized,
antibiotics.