Transcript Comparing Chordates

Comparing Chordates
Chapter 33
Section 33-1
Chordate Evolution…
Section 33-1
Section 33-1
Chordates
have the following
key features
Notochord
which is
A flexible
supporting
structure
Dorsal hollow
nerve cord
Muscular
tail
Pharyngeal
pouches
Generalized Structure of a Chordate
Section 30-1
Notochord
Muscle segments
Tail
Hollow
nerve cord
Anus
Mouth
Pharyngeal pouches
Tunicates
Lancelets
NONVERTEBRATE
CHORDATES
Section 33-1
Nonvertebrate chordates
Jawless fishes
Cartilaginous fishes
Bony fishes
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Body Temperature (°C)
Section 33-2
Environmental Temperature (°C)
Form and Function…
Section 33-3
Movement
• Nonvertebrate chordates – no bones
• Vertebrates – bones, muscles, ligaments
• Movement depends on placement of
muscles or appendages next to spine.
1. S-movement of spine/body
2. Up/Down movement of spine
Figure 33–8 The Digestive Systems
of Vertebrates
Section 33-3
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Cloaca
Crop
Gizzard
Cecum
Rectum
Go to
Section:
Shark
Salamander
Lizard
Pigeon
Cow
Figure 33–10 Vertebrate Lungs
Section 33-3
Nostrils, mouth, and throat
Trachea
Lung
Air sac
Salamander
Go to
Section:
Lizard
Primate
Pigeon
Figure 33–11 The Circulatory Systems
of Vertebrates
Section 33-3
Single-Loop
Circulatory System
FISHES
Go to
Section:
Double-Loop Circulatory System
MOST REPTILES
CROCODILIANS, BIRDS,
AND MAMMALS
Response
• Cephalization with all groups
• Nonvertebrate chordates – simple systems
• Vertebrates – well developed brain, complex sensory
structures.
Excretion
• Gills can diffuse ammonia directly.
• Kidneys – change ammonia into UREA or
URIC ACID, less toxic forms.
1. Regulates water and ion concentration.
• Birds and Reptiles – Uric Acid
• Terrestrial Amphibians, Mammals and
Cartilagenous fish – Urea
Reproduction
• Sexual with separate sexes
• Fertilization:
1. External – eggs in the water
2. Internal – terrestrial organisms
• Egg Development:
1. Oviparous – eggs outside
2. Ovoviviparous – eggs inside
3. Viviparous – no eggs, internal
development
• Childcare – aves and mammals
Vertebrate Chordate Classes
• Myxini
• Cephalospidomorphi
• Chondrichthyes
• Osteichthyes
• Amphibia
• Reptilia
• Aves
• Mammalia