Transcript The_Respiratory_System_powerpoint3

The Respiratory System – Fact Sheet
Allows gas exchange to all parts of the body.
Functions of Respiratory System:
(What does it do?)
The major function of the respiratory system is gas
exchange between the external environment and an
organism's circulatory system. In humans and mammals,
this exchange facilitates oxygenation of the blood with a
concomitant removal of carbon dioxide and other gaseous
metabolic wastes from the circulation. As gas exchange
occurs, the acid-base balance of the body is maintained as
part of homeostasis
How do you breathe?
You breathe with the help of your diaphragm and other muscles in
your chest and abdomen. These muscles literally change the space and
pressure inside your body to accommodate breathing. When your
diaphragm pulls down, it not only leaves more space for the lungs to
expand but also lowers the internal air pressure. Outside, where the air
pressure is greater, you suck in air in an inhale. The air then expands
your lungs like a pair of balloons. When your diaphragm relaxes, the
cavity inside your body gets smaller again. Your muscles squeeze
your rib cage and your lungs begin to collapse as the air is pushed up
and out your body in an exhale.
Did you know? Did you know?
Every minute
Your lungs contain
you breathe in almost 1500 miles of
13 pints of air. airways and over
300 million alveoli.
Parts and Function of the Respiratory System
The diaphragm's job is to help
Trachea is a common term for an airway through which
pump the carbon dioxide out of
respiratory air passes in organisms. In vertebrates, it is held open
the lungs and pull the oxygen into
by up to 20 C-shaped rings of cartilage, and may also be known
the lungs. The diaphragm is a
as the "windpipe."
sheet of muscles that lies across
the bottom of the chest cavity. As
The vocal folds, also known commonly as vocal cords, are
the diaphragm contracts and
composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched
relaxes, breathing takes place.
horizontally across the larynx. Open during inhalation, closed
When the diaphragm contracts,
when holding one's breath, and vibrating for speech or singing
oxygen is pulled into the lungs.
(440 times per second when singing A above middle C). They
When the diaphragm relaxes,
are white because of scant blood circulation.
carbon dioxide is pumped out of
the lungs.
The alveoli are found in the respiratory zone of the lungs,
2[2]
providing a total surface area of about 75 m . The blood brings The epiglottis is one of seventeen cartilaginous
structures that make up the larynx (voice box).
carbon dioxide from the rest of the body for release into the
While breathing, it lies completely within the
alveoli, and the oxygen in the alveoli is taken up by the blood in
pharynx. When swallowing it serves as part of
the alveolar blood vessels, to be transported to all the cells in the
the anterior of the larynx.
body.
The Respiratory System – Fact Sheet
Allows gas exchange to all parts of the body.
Connections to Other Systems
All of the systems in an organism are interconnected. A
simple example is the connection between the circulatory and
respiratory systems. As blood circulates through your body, it
eventually needs fresh oxygen (O2) from the air. When the
blood reaches the lungs, part of the respiratory system, the
blood is re-oxygenated.
The respiratory system connected to the excretory system by
expelling the waste products from the body such as carbon
dioxide and waster products of the cells.
How capillaries oxygenated the blood Unlike the arteries and veins, capillaries are very thin and fragile. The capillaries
are actually only one epithelial cell thick. They are so thin that blood cells can
only pass through them in single file. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
takes place through the thin capillary wall. The red blood cells inside the capillary
release their oxygen which passes through the wall and into the surrounding
tissue. The tissue releases its waste products, like carbon dioxide, which passes
through the wall and into the red blood cells.
Diseases of the Respiratory System
What can go wrong with your respiratory system?
So many things can go wrong with this system. It is very vulnerable to both toxins and
diseases. Some diseases such as pneumonia can cause your lungs to fill with fluid
and you are no longer able to take in enough oxygen for your body.
Smokers can have a build up of tar and clog the alveoli in the lungs and decrease the
amount of oxygen your body can take in. An extreme disease called emphysema
actually destroys the tissues in your lungs and the tissue can never be regenerated.
Individuals that get emphysema are often forced to breathe pure oxygen to survive.
Did you
know?
The adult body
is made up of:
100 trillion cells
206 bones
600 muscles
22 internal organs
Did you know?
Plants are our partners in breathing. We breathe in air, use the
oxygen in it, and release carbon dioxide. Plants take in carbon
dioxide and release oxygen. Thank goodness!
People tend to get more colds in the winter because we're
indoors more often and in close proximity to other people.
When people sneeze, cough and even breathe -- germs go
flying!