Transcript B - Sewanhaka Central High School District

Final Exam Part 2 Review
1. What system is
represented in the
diagram?
Excretory
2. Identify the
function of this
system.
To remove cellular
wastes from the body.
3. Identify structures
A, B and D and their
functions.
Lungs – gas exchange
Liver – detoxifies the blood
- Produced urea
Kidneys
- Filter the blood
- Regulates the concentration of
substances in blood
- Produce urine
1. What system is represented in the diagram?
Respiratory
2. Identify the labeled structures.
Nasal cavity
B Pharynx
C Larynx
D Trachea
A
E
Bronchi
F Bronchioles
G
Lungs
H Diaphragm
1. Identify the structures that are lined
with a ciliated mucous membrane.
Nasal Cavity and trachea
2. Where does gas exchange occur?
In the alveoli
3. Why does the trachea and bronchi have
rings of cartilage?
To support the trachea and bronchi
A
B
1. Identify the system this
structure if located in.
Respiratory
2. Identify the function of
alveoli. Gas exchange
3. Identify the process that
enables the alveoli to carry
out its function.
Diffusion
4. Identify A and B.
A – CO2 and H2O
B – O2
The chart below identifies the function of several
organs found in a human body system.
Which human body system performs these
functions?
(1) skeletal
(3) circulatory
(2) digestive (4) respiratory
Explain the difference between
arteries and veins.
•Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry
blood to the heart.
•Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than
veins.
•Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than
veins.
•Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
Arteries do not have valves.
Explain what occurs in capillaries and why.
The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out
of the capillary.
Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin
lining that allows for diffusion to occur.
Identify structures B, D, E, F and H.
aorta
left
atrium
right
atrium
left
ventricle
right ventricle
Identify the part of the heart being
described.
1. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs. Left atrium
2. Wall that separates the right and left side
of the heart. Septum
3. Large artery that carries oxygenated blood
to the rest of the body. Aorta
4. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated
blood to lungs. Right ventricle
5. Chamber that receives deoxygenated
blood from the rest of the body.
Right atrium
6. Prevents the backflow of blood between
atria and ventricles. Valves
7. Chamber that pumps out oxygenated
blood to the rest of the body.
Left ventricle
1. Identify the following
information for the food to
the left.
a. Serving size 2 crackers
b. Total carbohydrates 10g
c. Calories 60
d. Protein 2g
e. Calories from fat 15
2. How many calories would
you consume if you ate 2
servings of these crackers?
120 calories
Which unit is used to express the amount
of energy in food?
(1)Calorie
(2) milliliter
(3) degree Celsius
(4) gram
1.What system is represented in the diagram?
Digestive
2. Identify labeled structures.
Salivary
glands
Esophagus
Liver
Gall bladder
Stomach
Small intestine
Large
intestine
Appendix
Pancreas
3. Identify the function of those structures.
A – Salivary glands
B – Esophagus
Produce saliva
Pushes food to the stomach
C – Stomach Chemical digestion of proteins, mechanical digestion
D – Pancreas Produces enzymes for chemical digestion in SI
E – Large intestine Absorbs water
F – Appendix No function
G – Small intestine Chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients
H – Gall bladder Stores bile
I - Liver Produces bile
1. Identify the process below. Peristalsis
2. Where in the digestive does it occur?
Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
1. Identify the type of digestion that occurs in the moth and
stomach.
A
B
C
D
Identify the muscle type described.
1. Attached to bones. Skeletal
2. Involuntary and striated. Cardiac
3. Lines the digestive tract and blood vessels.
Smooth
4. Voluntary. Skeletal
5. Only found in the heart. Cardiac
6. Not striated and involuntary. Smooth
7. Branched fibers. Cardiac
Identify each structure in the diagram and describe its
function.
Skeletal muscle:
moves bones
Ligament:
connects
bones
Tendon: connects
muscles to bines
Bone
Which statement describes ligaments?
1. They are made of cartilage and cushion the
vertebrae.
2. They are made of tough, elastic tissue and
join bones.
3. They are made of tough, inelastic tissue and
connect muscles.
4. They are striped and controlled by the
nervous system.
The tissue that cushions the
vertebrae and provides
flexibility to joints is known as
cartilage
_______.
Running to escape danger is an action that
requires the nervous system to coordinate
the interaction of which two body systems?
(1) digestive and endocrine
(2) muscular and skeletal
(3) reproductive and excretory
(4) circulatory and digestive
The interaction of the skeletal and
muscular systems to produce locomotion is
coordinated by which human body system?
(1)circulatory
(2) nervous
(3) excretory
(4) respiratory
1. What is bacteria an
example of?
Pathogen
2. Identify the structures
labeled X in the
diagram. Support your
answer.
Antibodies.
They are proteins found
on the surface of
pathogens.
X
3. Describe what occurs
when this pathogen
enters the body.
Antibodies and memory
cells are produced.
Antibodies bind to the
antigen to help destroy
the pathogen.
Memory cells remain in
the blood to produce
antibodies if exposed to
the SAME pathogen.
X
Explain the contents of a
vaccine.
Dead or weak PATHOGEN
How does a measles vaccine protect
a child entering school against the
measles?
Vaccine is injected.
The body produces antibodies and
memory cells.
Antibodies attach to antigens on the
pathogen to help kill the pathogen.
Memory cells remain in your blood to
“remember” the pathogen.
1. What pathogen causes AIDS?
HIV (which is a virus)
2. What is the effect of AIDS on the body?
It weakens the immune system so the
body cannot fight pathogens well.
Infections may be caused by
(1)mutations
(2) toxic substances
(3) microorganisms
(4) climate changes
Which health condition is an infectious
disease?
(1) pneumonia caused by microorganisms
(2) heart problem caused by a high-fat diet
(3) lung cancer caused by smoking
(4) eye damage caused by ultraviolet light
Scurvy is a disease that sailors often got on
long voyages. It was discovered that scurvy
could be prevented by eating oranges and
lemons. This suggests that scurvy is a disease
caused by
(1)exposure to sea air
(2) a microorganism
(3) a nutritional deficiency
(4) lack of exercise
A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a
period of time. This lack of a balanced diet
can lead to
(1)selective breeding
(2) extinction
(3) dynamic equilibrium
(4) disease
white
blood cell
Produce
antibodies
and engulf
pathogens
Y
red blood cell
Carry oxygen
Z
platelet
Blood
clotting
Identify structures X, Y, and Z and their functions.
Which part of the human blood:
1. is the most numerous? rbc’s
2. contains a nucleus? wbc’s
3. is biconcave? rbc’s
4. is produced in the bone marrow?
rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets
5. consists mainly of water?
plasma
Which part of the human blood transports
hormones and nutrients?
1. plasma
2. platelets
3. red blood cells
4. white blood cells
A cat jumps when startled by a loud noise. This
is an example of an organism
(1) sensing and responding to its external
environment
(2) sensing and responding to its internal
environment
(3) changing and controlling its external
environment
(4) changing and controlling its internal
environment
Identify the difference between the
central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system.
CNS consists of the brain and spinal
cord. (interneurons)
PNS consists of all nerves that extend
away from the brain and spinal cord
(sensory and motor neurons)
1. Identify the structure below. Neuron
2. Label all structures.
A
B
C
D
E
3. Identify the message that travels through neurons. Impulse
4. Describe the nature of this message. Electrical and chemical
In a simple spinal reflex, the pathway
for an impulse is along a sensory
neuron directly to a motor neuron
through
(1.) a receptor
(2.) an interneuron
(3.) an effector
(4.) the brain
Neurons that carry messages
toward the CNS (brain and
spinal cord) are called
sensory neurons
Neurons that carry messages
away the CNS (brain and spinal
cord) are called
Motor neurons
Why are reflexes much
faster than a normal
response?
The impulse only travels to the spinal
cord, not the brain.
Insulin and glucagon are hormones that affect blood
sugar levels. The diagram below shows the feedback
system used by the human body to increase and
decrease blood sugar levels.
This feedback system is one way that the human body
(1) circulates gases
(3) destroys viruses
(2) maintains equilibrium (4) transports nutrients
1.Identify the endocrine glands that produce
insulin and glucagon.
Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
2. Identify the function of insulin.
Lowers blood glucose levels
3. Identify the function of glucagon.
Increases blood glucose levels
The main function of hormones in the
human body is to
(1) identify and destroy microbes
(2) regulate body functions
(3) transport blood to cells
(4) store energy
In humans, the amount of sugar in blood is
controlled by the release of a hormone
called insulin. This process is an example of
(1)depletion
(3) regulation
(2) digestion
(4) excretion
Which human organ system produces
hormones to regulate growth,
development, and reproduction?
(1)circulatory
(2) nervous
(3) digestive
(4) endocrine
1. Identify the labeled structures.
2. Identify the structure
described.
Kidneys
A
a. Carries urine from the kidneys
to the bladder.
Ureters
B
Ureters
a. Carries urine out of the body.
Urethra
a. Produces urine.
Urinary bladder
Kidneys
C
Urethra
D
a. Stores urine.
Urinary bladder
Which human organ system eliminates
liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?
(1) circulatory
(2) excretory
(3) endocrine
(4) reproductive
1.Where does fertilization occur? H - oviduct
2.Where does the embryo develop? I - uterus
3.Where does the placenta develop? I - uterus
4.Where does meiosis occur? G - ovary
1. What structure produced estrogen and progesterone?
B - ovary
2. Where does a zygote develop? D - uterus
3. Where is the egg fertilized? A - oviduct
4. Where does the placenta form? D - uterus
5. Known as the birth canal. C - vagina
1. Where does meiosis occur?
E – testes
2. Identify the structure that keeps the
testes cooler for optimum sperm
production.
F - Scrotum
3. Which structure carries sperm from
testes to the urethra?
D – Vas deferens
4. Identify the structure that implants
sperm into the vagina.
C – Penis
5. Identify the structure that transports
urine and sperm out of the body.
B -Urethra
H
Identify the names
and functions of all
structures labeled.
E
F
A
G
C
B
D
A – vas deferens
B - testes
C - urethra
D - penis
E - gland
F - gland
G - gland
H – urinary bladder
H
E
F
A
G
C
B
D
Identify the
structures that
release fluids that
make up semen.
F, G, E