Transcript In Figure 19-4, which disinfectant was the most effective at

Semester Exam Review
Evolution
Taxonomy
viruses
bacteria
protists
fungi
plants
invertebrates
vertebrates
Human body
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700
WRONG…TRY
AGAIN.
AWESOME!
100
According to Darwin, any inherited
characteristic that increases an
organism’s fitness for survival is
a. Mutation
b. An adaptation
c. A gene
d. An acquired trait
200
The forelimbs of humans, cats, dolphins,
and bats are similar. These similarities
indicate that all these organisms had a
common ancestor. Scientists call these
similarities
a. Similar structures
b. Homologous structures
c. Fossils
d. Vestigial organs
300
Which of the following phrases best describes the
results of natural selection?
a. The natural variation found in all populations.
b. Unrelated but similar species living at different
locations.
c. Changes in the inherited characteristics of a
population
d. The struggle for existence undergone by all
living things.
400
When lions prey on a herd of antelope,
some antelope are killed and some
escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept
of natural selection might be used to
describe this situation?
a. Acquired characteristics
b. Reproductive isolation
c. Survival of the fittest
d. Descent with modification
500
In humans, the pelvis and femur are
involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis
and femur shown in the picture above
are examples of :
a. Fossils
b. Vestigial structures
c. Acquired traits
d. Natural variation
600

Scientists combine fossil evidence, body
structure, DNA and early embryological
development to
a. determine what bones an animal has in its’
forelimbs.
b. determine the evolutionary relationships
among species.
c. decide which fossils are older than others.
d. determine whether an organism will have
gills during early development.
700
According to the diagram above, how many species of Darwin’s ground
finches are in the Galapagos Islands?
3
4
6
10
100 Taxonomy

To which kingdom would a unicellular
organism found living in an extreme
environment belong?
–
–
–
–
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
200
Which of the following characteristics
belongs to members of the Kingdom
Animalia?
F. Cell walls made of chitin
G. Unicellularity
H. Cells that lack organelles
J. Cells that lack cell walls

300
The organism pictured at right is a
unicellular organism belonging to
A. Kingdom Eubacteria.
B. Kingdom Animalia.
C. Kingdom Protista.
D. Kingdom Plantae.

400
Scientists assign each kind of organism a
universally accepted name in the system
known as
F. traditional classification.
G. cladistics.
H. binomial nomenclature.
J. the three domains.
500
The proper order for Linnaeus’s taxonomic
categories of classification from most broad to
most specific is
a. species, genus, family, order, class, phylum,
kingdom
b. kingdom, family, genus, order, species,
phylum, class
c. species, kingdom, genus, class, family, phylum,
order
d. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,
species
600
Using the classification chart above, which two kingdoms are comprised of
organisms that are multicellular, autotrophic and have cell walls of
cellulose?
a.
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
b.
Protista and Plantae
c.
Animalia and Plantae
d.
Protista and Animalia
700
The science that specializes in the
classification of newly found organisms is
A. anatomy
B. taxonomy.
C. botany.
D. paleontology.

100 Bacteria
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria differ in
A. the presence of a nucleus
B. the makeup of their cell walls
C. size.
D. the presence of a cell wall
200
Which of the following are members of the
kingdom Archaebacteria?
F. methanogens
G. eubacteria
H. eukaryotes
J. E.coli
300
The structure in Figure 19-1 represents
a(an)
A. virus.
B. archaebacterium.
C. methanogen.
D. eubacterium.
400
When treated with Gram stain, Gram
positive Eubacteria appear
F. violet.
G. pink.
H. yellow.
J. orange.
500
The method called Gram staining is used to
tell
A. what shape a prokaryote has
B. how a prokaryote obtains energy
C. what kind of cell wall a prokaryote has
D. whether a prokaryote has flagella
600
Figure 19-2 shows how prokaryotes can be identified by
F. the composition of their cell walls.
G. their reaction to the Gram stain.
H. their cell shapes.
J. their methods for obtaining energy.
700
21. Which cell shape in Figure 19-2 is called a coccus?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. None of the above
100 Viruses
The outer protein coat of a virus is called a
A. DNA core.
B. capsid.
C. bacteriophage.
D. tail sheath.
200
All viruses are made of proteins and
F. nucleic acids.
G. prophages.
H. bacteriophages.
J. endospores.
300
A lytic infection concludes with the
A. embedding of viral DNA.
B. production of a prophage.
C. bursting of the host cell.
D. production of messenger RNA.
400
Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do
NOT
F. inject their genetic material into the host
cell.
G. enter the lytic cycle.
H. lyse the host cell right away.
J. infect host cells.
500
Viral diseases can be
F. treated with antibiotics and prevented
with vaccines.
G. treated with vaccines and prevented with
antibiotics.
H. prevented with antibiotics but not treated
with vaccines
J. prevented with vaccines but not treated
with antibiotic.
600
Figure 19-3, the structure labeled C is
A. DNA.
B. the capsid.
C. the tail fiber.
D. the sheath.
700
In Figure 19-4, which disinfectant was
the most effective at controlling the
growth of the bacteria ?
F. Disinfectant 1
G. Disinfectant 2
H. Disinfectant 3
J. None of the above
100 protists
a.
b.
c.
d.
What characteristic of plants is
shared by green algae?
Cell wall composition
Photosynthetic pigments
Multicellularity
None of the above
200
A bloom is
F. the clouding of water by sewage.
G. an enormous mass of algae that can be
fatal to ocean life.
H. a symbiotic relationship between algae
and coral.
J. None of the above.
300
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which substances allow algae to
harvest and use energy from
sunlight?
Cilia and chlorophyll
Flagella and pseudopods
Chlorophyll and other accessory
pigments
Cilia and contractile vacuoles
400
Protists that break down
organic material include the
F. fungus-like protists.
G. animal-like protists.
H. plant-like protists.
J. None of the above
500
Which of the below protists
utilizes pseudopods for
feeding and movement?




A
B
C
D
600
A
B
C
D
Which of the following shows
the correct pairing of the
protist above and the
structure it uses for
movement?
flagella
cilia
flagella
pseudopods
700
Which of the following
characteristics of algae make them
vital in maintaining life on Earth?
A. They are rich in vitamin C.
B. They produce chemicals that are used to treat
health problems.
C. They produce much of the Earth’s oxygen via
photosynthesis.
D. They produce chemicals that are used to make
plastics, waxes and paints.
100 Fungi
All fungi
F. make their own food.
G. absorb their food.
H. produce mushrooms.
I.
have chlorophyll.
200
Most fungi reproduce
A.
B.
C.
D.
asexually only.
sexually only.
both sexually and asexually.
by budding
300
Sporangia are found on the tops of specialized
hyphae called
F. sporangiophores.
G. mycelia.
H. gametangia.
J. stolons
400
Fungal hyphae, shown in Figure 21-1, differ
in that some lack
A. cell walls.
B. nuclei.
C. cellulose.
D. cytoplasm.
500
Mushrooms are classified as
F. imperfect fungi.
G. sac fungi.
H. common molds.
J. club fungi
600
a.
b.
c.
d.
An important role of fungi in an
ecosystem is
photosynthesis.
breaking down dead organisms.
making alcohol.
killing bacteria.
700
Which of the following statements
about fungi is true?
F. They bind nutrients and store them.
G. They return nutrients to the soil.
H. They do not affect soil nutrients.
J. They deplete the soil of nutrients.
100- plants
Which of the following is NOT characteristic
of all plants?
A. They are eukaryotic
B. They have cell walls
C. They produce seeds
D. They are multicellular
200
Plants use the energy of sunlight to
F. exchange gases with the atmosphere.
G. take in water from the soil.
H. carry out cellular respiration.
J. carry out photosynthesis
300
Bryophytes need standing water in order to
a. reproduce.
b. draw water up by osmosis.
c. undergo photosynthesis.
d. grow tall.
400
Xylem tissue is important to ferns because it
F. can conduct water over long distances.
G. allows water to diffuse into the roots.
H. carries carbohydrates to all parts of the
plant.
J. allows ferns to reproduce in dry
environments.
500
Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective
structures called
pollen grains.
cones.
ovaries.
petals
600
F.
G.
H.
J.
Unlike a dicot, a monocot has
4-5 petals per flower.
two cotelydons.
taproots.
parallel leaf veins.
700
The flower at right is from a
_______________ plant.




fern
bryophyte
monocot
dicot
100 : invertebrates
Some type of body symmetry is found in all
invertebrates EXCEPT
F. cnidarians.
G. mollusks.
H. flatworms.
J. sponges.
200
Which phylum does the organism at right
belong to?
A. Porifera
B. Cnidaria
C. Mollusca
D. Annelida
300
The distinguishing feature of an animal’s
closed circulatory system is
F. it does not include a heart.
G. blood is contained within vessels that
extend throughout the body.
H. blood is kept at low pressure.
J. blood is circulated less efficiently than in
an open circulatory system.
400
If an animal has a digestive tract, an open
circulatory system and an exoskeleton it
could be a (an)
A. arthropod.
B. echinoderm.
C. cnidarian.
D. roundworm.
500
Sponges are sessile so they can only obtain
food by
F. photosynthesis
G. filtering feeding
H. swimming along the sea floor and
engulfing plankton
J. using their spiracles to paralyze their
prey.
600
Cephalization refers to the
A. division of the body into upper and lower
sides.
B. joining together of specialized cells to
form tissues
C. concentration of sense organs and nerve
cells in the anterior end of the body.
D. formation of body cavity between the
germ layers.
700
Which of the following invertebrates is
correctly paired with the phylum in which
it belongs?
F. Earthworm - Phylum Platyhelminthes
G. Giant squid - Phylum Mollusca
H. Tapeworm - Phylum Nematoda
J. Slug - Phylum Echinodermata
100: vertebrates
Controlling body temperature from within is
one way that endotherms
a. maintain homeostasis.
b. regulate gas exchange.
c. improve excretory function.
d. regulate blood circulation.
200
Which chordates in the graph above are examples of ectotherms?
F. Only the lizard
G. The lizard, snake and alligator
H. The snake, alligator and pigeon
J. The rabbit, cat and pigeon
300
According to the graph, which animal’s body
temperature is MOST influenced by the
temperature of the environment?
a. Pigeon
b. Cat
c. Snake
d. Lizard
400
Which of the following facts about
amphibians are TRUE?
F. They can lay their eggs on dry land.
G. They have an exoskeleton
H. They have thin moist skin, are
Ectothermic and have an endoskeleton
J. They have rough, dry, scaly skin
500
Suppose a fish was swimming in total
darkness. Which of the following would
be most likely to help the fish detect
vibrations of predators approaching it
from behind?
a. Eyes
b. Lateral line system
c. Swim bladder
d. Gills
600
A feature that is shared by crocodilians,
birds and mammals is a (an)
a. open circulatory system
b. four-chambered heart
c. hollow skeleton.
d. lateral line system.
700
Birds are beneficial to the environment
because they
a. disperse seeds.
b. are pollinators.
c. help control the insect population
.
d. All of the above
100 human body
Which two organ systems work together to help
deliver oxygen to body cells?
F.
G.
H.
J.
Digestive and excretory systems
Circulatory and immune systems
Endocrine and muscular systems
Respiratory and circulatory systems
200
Which endocrine gland(s) communicate with
the hypothalamus to control many body
activities, including growth from infancy to
adulthood?
Adrenal glands
B. Pancreas
C. Pituitary gland
D. Thyroid gland
A.
300
What kind of body cell is pictured at right?
F.
G.
H.
J.
Red blood cell
Osteocyte
Neuron
Kidney cell
400
To which body system does the cell pictured
below belong to and also play a crucial role
in?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
Excretory system
Nervous system
500
What is the most important function of the
integumentary system?
F.
G.
H.
J.
Protection
Transport of materials
Support
Disposal of wastes
600
In the picture of the digestive system at right,
which letter represents the location where
the most absorption of nutrients from food
takes place?
A
D
G
H
700
In the female reproductive system, eggs are
produced in the
F.
G.
H.
J.
fallopian tubes
ovaries
uterus
cervix