Transcript Sciencepresentation - angkairen-hci

Main components of the
respiratory system
Proudly presented to you by:
Ang Kai Ren (1)
Lim Li Gang (9)
Tan Zhen Hao, Brian (22)
Wu Fu En (26)
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration is the release of
energy from glucose or another
organic substrate in the presence of
Oxygen. Strictly speaking, aerobic
means ‘in air’, but it is the oxygen in
the air which is necessary for aerobic
respiration. Anaerobic respiration is in
the absence of air.
Aerobic Respiration Formulas
Word Formula:
Glucose + Oxygen
= Carbon Dioxide + Water +
Energy
RESPIRATION IN THE HUMAN
BODY
Nose
A protuberance that contains the nostrils,
which are in charge of admitting and expelling
air for respiration together with the mouth
Functions:

Cleans the air of dust and other impurities

Warms the air if it is too cool

Moistens the air if it is too dry
Nose cavity
Location
Large air filled space above and behind
the nose in the middle of the face

Function
Filtered by the cilia

Moistened by the mucus membranes

Warmed by the blood capillaries

Diaphragm
• The diaphragm is located directly below the
lungs.
• The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped
muscle that contracts and flattens during
inhalation, which causes the chest cavity to
expand.
• This manoeuvre creates a vacuum which
pulls air into the lungs.
• During exhalation, the diaphragm then
relaxes, returns to its previous shape, and
air is forced out of the lungs.
Pharynx
Where is it located?

Part of the throat directly behind the mouth and naval cavity
What are its functions?



Transports food into stomach
Transports air into lungs
Plays an important role in vocalisation (talking, making noises)
Can be divided into three distinct regions:
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx

Located above the part of the pharynx that food enters
At its base are the soft palate (roof of the mouth) and pendulous uvula
(the conical projection from the middle of the soft palate, in other words
the thing that dangles from the roof of your mouth)

When swallowing, the soft palate and the pendulous uvula will point
upwards to prevent air or food from passing through the nasopharynx,
preventing severe disruption of breathing

Oropharynx
The mouth leads into the oropharynx.

The walls of the oropharynx are lined with
mucus which changes slightly to adapt to
handling food as well as air.

Laryngopharynx
Acts as a common passageway for both food and air

The gullet is at the base of the laryngopharynx, and is
tasked with directing food and air to their appropriate
locations

Occasionally it will get confused and mistakes occur.
Swallowing air leads to increasingly frequent burping,
while inhaling food or liquid results in impulsive coughing
until the substance is expelled

Trachea (Profound word for windpipe)
STRUCTURE
•Approximately 9 to 15 cm in length.
•Descends anterior to the esophagus, enters the superior mediastinum, and divides
into right and left main bronchi.
•Has 15 to 20 C-shaped bars of hyaline cartilage that prevent it from collapsing.
•Longitudinal elastic fibers enable the trachea to stretch and descend with the roots of
the lungs during inspiration.
•Is supplied mainly by the inferior thyroid arteries. Its smooth muscle is supplied by
parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, and pain fibers are carried by the vagi.
•It is surrounded by cartilage rings.
FUNCTION
•Main conduit of air to and from the lungs.
•Connected to the bronchi which are like the branches of a tree.
Bronchi
Structure
•
Connected to the trachea
Function
•
Carries the gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
deep into the lungs (no gaseous exchange
carried out)
Bronchioles
Function


Acts as connections for the bronchus to the
alveolar sacs
Divide into
Terminal and
Respiratory bronchioles
• The bronchioles or bronchioli are the
first airway branches that no longer
contain cartilage. They are branches of
the bronchi. The bronchioles terminate by
entering the circular sacs called alveoli.
Aveoli
Function
•
•
•
•
Carbon dioxide(travelling from the blood to the
lungs) is released here
Picks up oxygen which is carried to the rest of the
body by red blood cells
Gaseous exchange is carried out through
diffusion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwXvqSqAgKc
Respiration in the aveoli
Inhaling
Exhaling
Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2OcGgJbi
Uk&feature=related
• From the start to 1:59
References
• Nose
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nose
• Respiratory System
• www.ambulancetechnicianstudy.co.uk/respsystem.html
• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/structure-of-the-human-respiratorysystem.html
• Videos
• www.youtube.com
Thank You!