Transcript Class Insecta

Arthropods
insects
Taxonomy
Arthro- = joint
Pod = foot
Examples: spiders, insects, shrimp, lobster,
crabs, millipedes, centipedes
General Characteristics
1. The largest group of animals
2. Have a hard exoskeleton made out of chiton
3. Have jointed appendages for a wider range
of motion
4. Air is piped directly to cells for higher
metabolism
5. Demonstrate complex behavior patterns
based on instinct
Body Plan
Body Plan: Jointed appendages, segmented body,
bilateral symmetry and exoskeleton made of chiton for
protection
Exoskeleton: hard outer covering that is sometimes
molted
exoskeleton
molting horseshoe crab
Body Plan
Segmentation: internally and externally segmented
Each segment contains spiracles and nerves
Head-thorax-abdomen or cephalothorax-abdomen
Jointed appendages: jointed legs allow for more
advanced movement and modification for a wider range
of habitats
Coelom: true body cavity filled with hemolymph (bloodlike fluid)
Respiration
Respiration: (spiracles) a system of air tubes
that deliver oxygen directly to cells
Digestion
Digestion: complete digestive system with
specialized mouth parts and appendages
(mandibles and palps) specialized for each food
source
Circulation
Circulation: Open circulatory system with a
heart, arteries and hemolymph
Hemocoel: the cavity that holds hemolymph
fluid
Nervous System
Nervous System: brain, nerve cords, ganglia
and specialized sensory organs
Movement
Movement: each arthropod has appendages
that are specialized
Reproduction
Reproduction: sexual reproduction: sexes are
separate
Fertilization is internal and then eggs are laid
Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis: the changes in form that
occur in an insects life cycle
Incomplete: larva-nymph-adult
Complete: larva-cocoon-adult
butterflies
Ecological Importance
1. Essential in food webs because they occupy
every area on Earth
2. Essential in the pollination of many plants
3. Spread diseases (mosquitos, ticks)
4. Create products like honey, silk and beeswax
5. Are a food source for humans
insect dye
Class Merostomata
Only five living species
Live in oceans but can swim up rivers
Can spend time out of water
Most ancient living arthropods
Examples: horseshoe crabs
Horseshoe Crabs
Class Pycnogonida
Number of legs varies from 8-12
Found in all oceans and all temperatures
Examples: Sea spiders
Class Branchiopoda
800 species
Small: up to 10 cm long
Examples: brine shrimp, Water fleas, tadpole shrimp, clam
shrimp
Water Fleas
Water Fleas
Brine Shrimp
Class Malacostraca
Live in water
Pets and food for humans
Examples: Includes krill, sow bugs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp,
and crabs
Krill
Lobsters
Crayfish
Crabs
Crustacean diagram
red crabs Christmas island
great migrations
Subphylum Myriapoda
Class Chilopoda: Centipedes
Up to 177 segments
1 pair of legs on each segment
Poisonous
Examples: centipedes
Subphylum Myriapoda
Class Diplopoda
2 pairs of legs on each segment
Emit a foul smell instead of poison
Example: millipedes
Giant African Millipede
Class Arachnidan
8 legs
No wings or antennae
Cephalothorax and abdomen
Incomplete metamorphosis
Squirt digestive juices then suck up their meal
Examples: Spiders, mites, ticks and scorpions
Class Arachnida
Order Araneae: Spiders
Fangs to kill prey and deliver venom
Spinnerets to make silk
4 pairs of light sensing eyes
43,000+ species of spiders!!! 
bird eating spider
Class Arachnida
Order Scorpionida: Scorpions
1300 species
Claws for grasping prey
Tail with venom gland and stinger
Have hair sensory organs
Scorpion
Scorpions
Class Arachnida
Order Acari: Ticks & Mites
Most are parasites that feed on blood or hair
Cause skin rashes, allergies and spread diseases
ticks
Subphylum Myriapoda
Class Insecta: Insects
3 pairs of legs
1 million known species
Finding new species all the time
Show advanced social behavior
weird bugs
amazing insects
honey bees
ant communication
Beehive
Queen Bee
Drone Bee
Worker Bee
Worker bee with pollen
Class Insecta: Insects
Attracting mates:
Emit pheromones
Flashes of lights (fireflies)
Sounds and color signals
luna moth
Class Insecta: Insects
Legs are often modified for special purposes
Sticky (house fly)
Jumping legs (grasshopper and crickets)
Paddle-shaped (water bugs, many beetles)
Grasping (praying mantis)
Class Insecta
Order Odonata
Chewing mouthparts
Toothed mandibles
Winged adults
Nymphs and adults differ in appearance
Aquatic nymphs w/gills
Indicators of good water quality
Examples : Dragonflies and Damselflies
Class Insecta
Order Orthroptera
Chewing mouthparts
Straight wings
Winged adults
Nymph and adults live in same habitat
Nymph and adult are similar in appearance
Examples: Grasshopper, katydids, and crickets
Class Insecta
Order Mantodea
Chewing Mandible
Winged adults
Nymph and adults are similar
Examples: Mantids
Class Insecta
Order Blattaria
Chewing Mandible
Winged adults ( not all are winged)
Nymph and Adults live in same habitat
Nymph and Adults similar in appearance
Example: Cockroach
Class Insecta
Order Isoptera
Chewing mouthparts
Equal wings
Winged adults
Nymphs and adults live in same habitat, and they have similar
appearance.
Example: Termites
Class Insecta
Order Hemiptera
Piercing and sucking
Usually winged and adults
Nymphs and adults live in same habitat
Nymphs and adults are similar in appearance
Example: Cicada and Aphids
Class Insecta
Order Coleoptera
Chewing Mouthparts
Hardened forewings
Winged adults
Larvae and adults live in same habitat
Larvae and adults aren’t similar in appearance
Example: Beetles
Class Insecta
Order Siphonoptera
Siphoning
Wingless adults
Larvae and adults aren’t similar in appearance
Often pest of mammals
Examples: fleas
Class Insecta
Order Diptera
Sponging, piercing, sucking, bitting
Winged Adult
2nd pair of wings are halters
Larvae and adults live in same habitat
Larvae and adults are not similar in appearance
Some spread disease to humans
Examples: Flies
Class Insecta
Order Lepidoptera
Larva: Chewing; Adult: Siphoning
Winged Adults
Larvae and Adults not similar in appearance
Most larvae feed on plant tissue
Many moths are pest; most butterflies aren’t
Examples: Moths and Butterflies
Class Insecta
Order Hymenoptera
Chewing & lapping
Membrane wings
Winged Adults
Larvae and Adults not similar in appearance
Examples: ants, bees, sawflies, wasps
bbc insects
insect wars
grasshopper dissection
huge arachnids